Fibre waviness reduction in thermoplastic pultrusion by using DREF yarns

IF 12.7 1区材料科学 Q1 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Composites Part B: Engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111908

Maissaloun El-Jakl, Louis Laberge Lebel

{"title":"Fibre waviness reduction in thermoplastic pultrusion by using DREF yarns","authors":"Maissaloun El-Jakl, Louis Laberge Lebel","doi":"10.1016/j.compositesb.2024.111908","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-reactive thermoplastic pultrusion impregnation issues are mitigated by using hybrid input materials. Co-wound (CW) and commingled yarns are an assembly of continuous polymer and reinforcement fibres. Continuous thermoplastic fibres have shown to induce waviness in the reinforcement fibres during pultrusion due to their shrinkage at high temperature. DREF yarns are composed of a core of continuous reinforcement fibres onto which discontinuous polymer fibres are applied using the friction spinning process. This study, based on the application of 3 N and 0 N tension on CW and DREF yarns, aimed to highlight the contribution of discontinuous polymer fibres on reducing reinforcement waviness in pultruded rods. CW yarns’ reaction to heating showed continuous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres shrinkage resulting in wavy glass fibres (GF). Conversely, the GF in DREF yarns remained straight. Pultrusion experiments with yarn tension of 3 N were done to alleviate the GF waviness. However, the porosity was rather high at 4.2 % for CW rods and 2.3 % for DREF rods. Pultrusion experiments without tension showed lower porosity of level of 2.9 % for CW yarns and as low as 1.1 % for DREF yarns. However, CT-scan image indicated GF waviness in CW rods. GF in DREF rods remained straight. The in-plane shear strength reached 119 MPa. Thermoplastic pultrusion using DREF yarns resulted in composites without reinforcement fibre waviness, lower porosity level and superior shear strength.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10660,"journal":{"name":"Composites Part B: Engineering","volume":"288 ","pages":"Article 111908"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Composites Part B: Engineering","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1359836824007200","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Non-reactive thermoplastic pultrusion impregnation issues are mitigated by using hybrid input materials. Co-wound (CW) and commingled yarns are an assembly of continuous polymer and reinforcement fibres. Continuous thermoplastic fibres have shown to induce waviness in the reinforcement fibres during pultrusion due to their shrinkage at high temperature. DREF yarns are composed of a core of continuous reinforcement fibres onto which discontinuous polymer fibres are applied using the friction spinning process. This study, based on the application of 3 N and 0 N tension on CW and DREF yarns, aimed to highlight the contribution of discontinuous polymer fibres on reducing reinforcement waviness in pultruded rods. CW yarns’ reaction to heating showed continuous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibres shrinkage resulting in wavy glass fibres (GF). Conversely, the GF in DREF yarns remained straight. Pultrusion experiments with yarn tension of 3 N were done to alleviate the GF waviness. However, the porosity was rather high at 4.2 % for CW rods and 2.3 % for DREF rods. Pultrusion experiments without tension showed lower porosity of level of 2.9 % for CW yarns and as low as 1.1 % for DREF yarns. However, CT-scan image indicated GF waviness in CW rods. GF in DREF rods remained straight. The in-plane shear strength reached 119 MPa. Thermoplastic pultrusion using DREF yarns resulted in composites without reinforcement fibre waviness, lower porosity level and superior shear strength.

查看原文本刊更多论文

使用 DREF 纱线减少热塑性塑料拉挤成型中的纤维波浪度

使用混合输入材料可以缓解非反应性热塑性拉挤浸渍问题。共绕（CW）纱和混合纱是连续聚合物和增强纤维的组合。在拉挤过程中，连续热塑性纤维会因高温收缩而导致增强纤维出现波纹。DREF 纱线由连续加固纤维芯组成，通过摩擦纺纱工艺在其上添加非连续聚合物纤维。这项研究基于对 CW 和 DREF 纱线施加 3 N 和 0 N 的拉力，旨在强调非连续聚合物纤维对减少拉挤棒材中的加固波纹的贡献。连续聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）纱的加热反应表明，连续聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）纤维收缩，导致玻璃纤维（GF）呈波浪状。相反，DREF 纱线中的玻璃纤维保持笔直。为了减轻玻璃纤维的波浪状，进行了纱线张力为 3 N 的拉挤实验。然而，CW 棒的孔隙率相当高，为 4.2%，DREF 棒为 2.3%。无张力拉挤实验显示，CW 纱的孔隙率较低，为 2.9%，而 DREF 纱的孔隙率则低至 1.1%。然而，CT 扫描图像显示，CW 棒材中的 GF 呈波浪状。而 DREF 棒材中的 GF 保持平直。面内剪切强度达到 119 兆帕。使用 DREF 纱线进行热塑性拉挤工艺生产的复合材料没有增强纤维波纹，孔隙率较低，剪切强度较高。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Composites Part B: Engineering 工程技术-材料科学：复合

CiteScore

24.40

自引率

11.50%

发文量

784

审稿时长

21 days

期刊介绍： Composites Part B: Engineering is a journal that publishes impactful research of high quality on composite materials. This research is supported by fundamental mechanics and materials science and engineering approaches. The targeted research can cover a wide range of length scales, ranging from nano to micro and meso, and even to the full product and structure level. The journal specifically focuses on engineering applications that involve high performance composites. These applications can range from low volume and high cost to high volume and low cost composite development. The main goal of the journal is to provide a platform for the prompt publication of original and high quality research. The emphasis is on design, development, modeling, validation, and manufacturing of engineering details and concepts. The journal welcomes both basic research papers and proposals for review articles. Authors are encouraged to address challenges across various application areas. These areas include, but are not limited to, aerospace, automotive, and other surface transportation. The journal also covers energy-related applications, with a focus on renewable energy. Other application areas include infrastructure, off-shore and maritime projects, health care technology, and recreational products.