Exploring the epidemiology and awareness of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among health sciences students in an academic health care institute in India

Abstract

Background

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects over 25 % of the global population, presenting a significant health challenge. It is often asymptomatic but linked to severe conditions like cirrhosis and liver cancer. Previous research indicates that people often underestimate MASLD risks. This study examines MASLD prevalence and awareness among medical students in an academic health care institute in India.

Material and methods

This cross-sectional study at SRM Medical College Hospital, Chennai, involved 80 medical and paramedical students aged 18–25. Exclusion criteria included history of alcohol use, neurological disorders, thyroid issues, diabetes, and hypertension. After obtaining informed consent, anthropometric data and blood samples were collected. Biochemical parameters including fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, HDL-C, and GGT were measured. The Fatty Liver Index (FLI) was used to assess liver steatosis, with an FLI ≥60 indicating NAFLD. Data were analysed using SPSS Version 22.0, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Among 80 participants, the mean age and BMI were 20.2 ± 1.03 years and 23.16 ± 4.55 kg/m². The mean Fatty Liver Index (FLI) score was 15.11 ± 19.68. MASLD prevalence was 7.5 % (n = 6). Significant positive correlations were found between FLI and BMI, waist circumference, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and GGT, while HDL-C showed a non-significant negative correlation. Most participants were aware of MASLD and its risk factors but showed varied adherence to preventive measures.

Conclusion

Health Sciences undergraduates had a 7.5 % MASLD prevalence, highlighting a gap in understanding and testing. Addressing this requires better guidelines, awareness, and healthcare system enhancements.