{"title":"The effect of suffusion on small strain shear modulus of gap-graded soil under principal stress rotation","authors":"Sanjei Chitravel , Masahide Otsubo , Reiko Kuwano","doi":"10.1016/j.sandf.2024.101518","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Internal erosion involves the transport of soil particles from within or beneath a geotechnical structure due to seepage flow, influencing the subsequent mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of the soil. However, predicting changes in small-strain modulus (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) with eroded fines and varying principal stress directions can be challenging due to various factors related to soil fabric. The present study investigates the impact of seepage flow on <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>, as well as the effect of principal stress rotation (PSR), of gap-graded soil with a fines content of 20%, using a novel erosion hollow cylindrical torsion shear apparatus. The erosion test results indicate that, regardless of density, the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> generally increases with seepage time. The trend of <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> measured in the vertical and torsional directions varies significantly, as seepage is applied always downward, resulting in a different impact on the vertical and horizontal bedding planes. After a cycle of PSR, the induced torsional shear strain is found larger for the eroded specimens, while vertical strain decreases due to fine removal accompanied by seepage flow. In the PSR tests, the specimens subjected to erosion exhibit a greater reduction in <span><math><mrow><mspace></mspace><msub><mi>G</mi><mrow><mi>max</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span> compared to non-eroded specimens, with increasing the angles of principal stress direction. This reduction may be due to the inefficacy of the reinforced soil skeleton established by erosion against shearing. The distribution of fine particles and anisotropy induced by seepage flow contribute to non-trivial mechanical behaviour during principal stress rotation, particularly regarding small-strain shear modulus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":21857,"journal":{"name":"Soils and Foundations","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Soils and Foundations","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0038080624000969","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, GEOLOGICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Internal erosion involves the transport of soil particles from within or beneath a geotechnical structure due to seepage flow, influencing the subsequent mechanical and hydraulic behaviour of the soil. However, predicting changes in small-strain modulus () with eroded fines and varying principal stress directions can be challenging due to various factors related to soil fabric. The present study investigates the impact of seepage flow on , as well as the effect of principal stress rotation (PSR), of gap-graded soil with a fines content of 20%, using a novel erosion hollow cylindrical torsion shear apparatus. The erosion test results indicate that, regardless of density, the generally increases with seepage time. The trend of measured in the vertical and torsional directions varies significantly, as seepage is applied always downward, resulting in a different impact on the vertical and horizontal bedding planes. After a cycle of PSR, the induced torsional shear strain is found larger for the eroded specimens, while vertical strain decreases due to fine removal accompanied by seepage flow. In the PSR tests, the specimens subjected to erosion exhibit a greater reduction in compared to non-eroded specimens, with increasing the angles of principal stress direction. This reduction may be due to the inefficacy of the reinforced soil skeleton established by erosion against shearing. The distribution of fine particles and anisotropy induced by seepage flow contribute to non-trivial mechanical behaviour during principal stress rotation, particularly regarding small-strain shear modulus.
期刊介绍:
Soils and Foundations is one of the leading journals in the field of soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. It is the official journal of the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS)., The journal publishes a variety of original research paper, technical reports, technical notes, as well as the state-of-the-art reports upon invitation by the Editor, in the fields of soil and rock mechanics, geotechnical engineering, and environmental geotechnics. Since the publication of Volume 1, No.1 issue in June 1960, Soils and Foundations will celebrate the 60th anniversary in the year of 2020.
Soils and Foundations welcomes theoretical as well as practical work associated with the aforementioned field(s). Case studies that describe the original and interdisciplinary work applicable to geotechnical engineering are particularly encouraged. Discussions to each of the published articles are also welcomed in order to provide an avenue in which opinions of peers may be fed back or exchanged. In providing latest expertise on a specific topic, one issue out of six per year on average was allocated to include selected papers from the International Symposia which were held in Japan as well as overseas.