The impact of touristic whale-watching on Delphinus Delphis and Tursiops truncatus in the Algarve Coast: Combining acoustic analysis and land observations

IF 4.8 2区 环境科学与生态学 Q1 OCEANOGRAPHY
M.Júlia Forli , Rui Peres dos Santos , Alfredo Rodrigues , Rita Castilho
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Abstract

Touristic whale watching (WW) is an important socioeconomic activity worldwide. Recently, short and long-term impacts caused by WW have been reported for several cetacean species, including Delphinus delphis and Tursiops truncatus, the two most observed species in Portugal. Most of the operations in mainland Portugal are concentrated on the South Coast (Algarve). However, despite their importance for the region, studies focused on the impact of this activity on the animals are still scarce. We used acoustic behaviour analysis and land-based observations to determine the alterations in the vocalization patterns of these animals caused by WW vessels and the length of exposure to this stressor. We found WW presence significantly altered five out of six acoustic parameters of whistles, whistle rate, and whistle type distribution for D. delphis, whereas T. truncatus exhibited significant changes in three acoustic parameters. Conversely, T. truncatus significantly reduced echolocation click rates, while D. delphis did not show significant changes. We also found that the Central region of this coast is the most affected, with animals exposed to WW vessels for up to 38.9% of daylight hours. Furthermore, 66.7% of the observation time in this area had several vessels that exceeded the limit established by law. These results suggest that our study species are impacted by WW, while D. delphis is more affected during social behaviours, and T. truncatus is more affected during foraging activities. Both behaviours are biologically significant, and their disturbance might, in the long term, lead to adverse effects at the population level by decreasing reproductive success and fitness. A gap in knowledge, inadequate legislation and compliance issues threaten the development of a sustainable WW industry in the Algarve and might endanger local populations, therefore immediate attention is needed.

Abstract Image

旅游观光对阿尔加维海岸德尔菲努斯-德尔菲斯(Delphinus Delphis)和Tursiops truncatus的影响:声学分析与陆地观测相结合
旅游观鲸(WW)是全球一项重要的社会经济活动。最近有报告称,WW 对几种鲸目动物造成了短期和长期影响,包括在葡萄牙观察到最多的两种鲸目动物 Delphinus delphis 和 Tursiops truncatus。葡萄牙大陆的大部分作业集中在南海岸(阿尔加维)。然而,尽管这些活动对该地区非常重要,但有关其对动物影响的研究仍然很少。我们利用声学行为分析和陆地观察来确定 WW 船对这些动物的发声模式造成的改变以及暴露在这种压力下的时间长短。我们发现,WW的存在明显改变了D. delphis的哨音、哨音频率和哨音类型分布等六项声学参数中的五项,而T. truncatus的三项声学参数发生了明显变化。相反,T. truncatus明显降低了回声定位点击率,而D. delphis则没有明显变化。我们还发现,该海岸的中部地区受到的影响最大,在38.9%的白天时间里,动物暴露在WW船只的影响下。此外,在这一地区,66.7%的观察时间内有多艘船只超过了法律规定的限制。这些结果表明,我们研究的物种都受到了 WW 的影响,其中三角鲂在社交行为中受到的影响更大,而T. truncatus在觅食活动中受到的影响更大。这两种行为都具有重要的生物学意义,从长远来看,它们受到的干扰可能会降低繁殖成功率和健康水平,从而对种群产生不利影响。知识空白、立法不足和合规问题威胁着阿尔加维可持续 WW 产业的发展,并可能危及当地种群,因此需要立即予以关注。
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来源期刊
Ocean & Coastal Management
Ocean & Coastal Management 环境科学-海洋学
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
15.20%
发文量
321
审稿时长
60 days
期刊介绍: Ocean & Coastal Management is the leading international journal dedicated to the study of all aspects of ocean and coastal management from the global to local levels. We publish rigorously peer-reviewed manuscripts from all disciplines, and inter-/trans-disciplinary and co-designed research, but all submissions must make clear the relevance to management and/or governance issues relevant to the sustainable development and conservation of oceans and coasts. Comparative studies (from sub-national to trans-national cases, and other management / policy arenas) are encouraged, as are studies that critically assess current management practices and governance approaches. Submissions involving robust analysis, development of theory, and improvement of management practice are especially welcome.
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