Pre-spike emergence nitrogen fertilizer application as a strategy to improve floret fertility and production efficiency in wheat

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
Shafiqullah Aryan , Gulbuddin Gulab , Tariqullah Hashemi , Safiullah Habibi , Kifayatullah Kakar , Nasratullah Habibi , Mohammad Wasif Amin , Mohammad Ismail Sadat , Tayebullah Zahid , Anwarulhaq Zerak
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Abstract

Context or problem

Effective nutrient management is critical for crop growth and development. However, using nitrogen-based fertilizers in agriculture raises substantial concerns about environmental pollution. The optimal timing for applying nitrogen to maximize floret fertility and production efficiency in wheat remains undetermined.

Objective or research question

This study investigated the optimal timing for N fertilizer application to enhance floret fertility and production efficiency in eastern Afghanistan's commonly cultivated Chonte#1 wheat variety.

Methods

A total of four experimental sets were conducted at Nangarhar University Faculty of Agriculture and Bihsood district during the 2019–2022 growing seasons. The first-year experiment consisted of two treatments: (1) control (no fertilizer) and (2) fertilized. The second and third-year experiments comprised four treatments, including (1) control (no fertilizer added), (2) basal dressing at the tillering stage (BDTS), (3) BDTS+light top-dressing (LD), and (4) BDTS+heavy top-dressing (HD) applied two weeks before spike emergence.

Results

The results indicated that the application of N topdressing had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the SPAD value and floret fertility percentage. In contrast, SPAD values showed a positive relationship with floret fertility rate and yield components but negatively correlated with unfilled grain per spike. The use of BDTS+LD treatment significantly increased spike length, spike weight, number of spikelets per spike, and filled grain per spike compared to the control. The number of unfilled grains ranged from 6.4 % to 51.9 % between the control and N application. The 1000-grain weight, number of spikes per m–2, and floret number per m–2 were also significantly higher in the N top-dressed groups. In the first experiment, fertilized treatment showed a 28.3 % increase in yield per m–2. Meanwhile, in the second experiment, the yield range varied among the treatment groups compared to the control group, ranging from 30.7 % to 66.8 %.

Conclusion

The application of N two weeks before spike emergence in wheat significantly improved floret fertility and production efficiency and led to the increment of final yield.

Implications

The findings suggest that prior spike emergence nitrogen fertilizer application is crucial for maximizing floret fertility and yield, offering a potential strategy for farmers to enhance production efficiency.
穗前施用氮肥作为提高小麦小花肥力和生产效率的策略
背景或问题有效的养分管理对作物的生长和发育至关重要。然而,在农业中使用氮肥引起了人们对环境污染的极大关注。本研究调查了施用氮肥的最佳时机,以提高阿富汗东部普遍种植的 Chonte#1 小麦品种的小花肥力和生产效率。方法在 2019-2022 年生长季节,在楠格哈尔大学农学院和 Bihsood 地区共进行了四组实验。第一年的试验包括两个处理:(1) 对照(不施肥)和 (2) 施肥。第二年和第三年的试验由四个处理组成,包括:(1)对照(不施肥);(2)分蘖期基施(BDTS);(3)BDTS+轻度表施(LD);(4)BDTS+穗前两周重度表施(HD)。相反,SPAD 值与小花生育率和产量成分呈正相关,但与每穗未灌浆谷粒呈负相关。与对照相比,BDTS+LD 处理显著增加了穗长、穗重、每穗小穗数和每穗饱满粒数。对照和施用氮的未灌浆谷粒数在 6.4 % 到 51.9 % 之间。施氮肥组的千粒重、每平方米穗数和每平方米小花数也明显高于对照组。在第一个试验中,施肥处理的每平方米-2 产量提高了 28.3%。结论 在小麦抽穗前两周施用氮肥可显著提高小花生育力和生产效率,并增加最终产量。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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