Optimizing water and nitrogen management to balance greenhouse gas emissions and yield in Chinese rice paddies

IF 5.6 1区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY
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Abstract

Context

Irrigation and fertilizer applications, the two most common practices to ensure high yield, affect almost all soil biogeochemical processes including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. How to balance irrigation and nitrogen application in farmland to synergize GHG emissions and crop yield is an inherent requirement for achieving sustainability, particularly in China rice paddy fields.

Objective

In this study, we first acquired data on GHG emissions and crop yield from rice field experiments worldwide under various irrigation and nitrogen application conditions. Subsequently, based on this dataset, we conducted modeling analysis using machine learning techniques to assess the optimization potential of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application in Chinese rice fields, aiming to achieve synergistic reductions in GHG emissions and improvements in crop yield under both historical and future climate scenarios.

Results and conclusions

The results indicated that the selected input features provided good predictive accuracy for rice yield and Global Warming Potential (GWP) in rice fields, with R² of 0.71 and 0.85, respectively. Furthermore, upon optimizing irrigation water usage in China rice fields to concurrently address GHG emissions and crop yield, the potential reductions in irrigation water were found to be −21.5 %, −29.1 %, and −13 % under past climate conditions, the SSP126 scenario, and the SSP585 scenario, respectively. After jointly optimizing both irrigation water and nitrogen fertilizer application, the reduction in irrigation water under past climate conditions, the SSP126 scenario, and the SSP585 scenario were −23 %, −31.4 %, and −16.9 % respectively. Correspondingly, the reductions in nitrogen fertilizer application were −22.9 %, −27.3 %, and −24.84 % for each scenario. Additionally, the study revealed a significant regional disparity between the northern and southern regions of China in these optimizations. Overall, southern China exhibits greater potential for irrigation water savings and rice yield increases compared to northern regions, while the potential for greenhouse gas emission reduction is higher in the north.

Significant

The findings provided both direction and quantifiable data support for the sustainable production of rice.
优化水氮管理,平衡中国稻田的温室气体排放和产量
背景灌溉和施肥是确保高产的两种最常见的做法,它们影响着几乎所有的土壤生物地球化学过程,包括温室气体(GHG)排放。如何平衡农田灌溉和氮肥施用,实现温室气体排放和作物产量的协同增效,是实现可持续发展的内在要求,尤其是在中国的水稻田中。结果与结论结果表明,所选输入特征对水稻产量和全球变暖潜势(GWP)具有良好的预测精度,R² 分别为 0.71 和 0.85。此外,通过优化中国稻田的灌溉用水,同时解决温室气体排放和作物产量问题,发现在过去气候条件、SSP126 情景和 SSP585 情景下,灌溉用水的潜在减排量分别为 -21.5%、-29.1% 和 -13%。在对灌溉用水和氮肥施用量进行联合优化后,过去气候条件、SSP126 情景和 SSP585 情景下的灌溉用水减少量分别为-23 %、-31.4 %和-16.9 %。相应地,每种情景下氮肥施用量的减少量分别为-22.9%、-27.3%和-24.84%。此外,研究还发现,在这些优化方案中,中国南北地区之间存在显著的地区差异。总体而言,与北方地区相比,中国南方地区在节约灌溉用水和提高水稻产量方面具有更大的潜力,而北方地区在减少温室气体排放方面具有更大的潜力。
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来源期刊
Field Crops Research
Field Crops Research 农林科学-农艺学
CiteScore
9.60
自引率
12.10%
发文量
307
审稿时长
46 days
期刊介绍: Field Crops Research is an international journal publishing scientific articles on: √ experimental and modelling research at field, farm and landscape levels on temperate and tropical crops and cropping systems, with a focus on crop ecology and physiology, agronomy, and plant genetics and breeding.
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