Numerical simulation for subsidence control in CO2 storage and methane hydrate extraction

IF 3.7 2区 地球科学 Q1 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
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Abstract

Gas hydrates are increasingly viewed as a promising alternative to traditional fossil fuels. However, their extraction process poses risks to structural integrity, potentially causing significant subsidence. In this study, we developed a Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical-Chemical (THMC) model to analyze the impact of gas hydrate extraction on seabed subsidence. Our investigation focused on the influence of bottom hole flowing pressure, initial hydrate concentration, gas saturation, permeability, porosity, and rock thermal conductivity on subsidence during gas hydrate extraction via depressurization.
The results show that seabed subsidence is affected by various factors such as bottom hole flowing pressure, initial hydrate concentration, gas saturation, permeability, porosity, and rock thermal conductivity. It was noted that significant subsidence is associated with low initial hydrate concentration, high permeability, porosity, low gas saturation, low rock thermal conductivity, and a notable pressure drop of 79.31%.
To address this issue, we propose a seabed subsidence mitigation strategy involving CO2 injection. This approach not only safeguards offshore infrastructure and coastal communities but also helps reduce CO2 emissions, aligning with global climate change mitigation efforts. In our model, CO2 injection occurs in the subsurface reservoir at the interface between the free water zone and hydrate-bearing formations. The CO2 hydrates formation process releases heat, which dissociates methane hydrates, allowing the methane to be replaced by CO2 molecules and move towards the production well.
Our analysis reveals that increasing injection temperature and rate significantly reduces subsidence. Additionally, the range of investigated injection pressures, which included pressures equal to and more than double the initial reservoir pressure, showed inconsequential impacts on seabed subsidence.
The effectiveness of subsidence reduction is significantly enhanced by injecting a CO2/N2 mixture compared to pure CO2 injection. The most substantial reduction in subsidence occurred when a mixture of CO2 and N2 in a 50/50 vol/vol ratio was injected at a high rate.
These findings offer crucial insights for optimizing the efficiency and control of gas hydrate extraction methods. They emphasize the importance of employing balanced injection strategies to minimize environmental risks and ensure sustainable energy extraction.
二氧化碳封存和甲烷水合物开采中沉降控制的数值模拟
天然气水合物越来越被视为传统化石燃料的一种有前途的替代品。然而,其开采过程会对结构的完整性造成风险,可能导致严重沉降。在这项研究中,我们开发了一个热-水-机械-化学(THMC)模型来分析天然气水合物开采对海底沉降的影响。我们的研究重点是底孔流动压力、初始水合物浓度、气体饱和度、渗透率、孔隙度和岩石导热率对通过减压法开采天然气水合物过程中沉降的影响。结果表明,海底沉降受底孔流动压力、初始水合物浓度、气体饱和度、渗透率、孔隙度和岩石导热率等多种因素的影响。结果表明,初始水合物浓度低、渗透率高、孔隙率大、气体饱和度低、岩石导热率低以及压力下降显著(79.31%)时,海底沉降明显。这种方法不仅能保护近海基础设施和沿海社区,还有助于减少二氧化碳排放,与全球减缓气候变化的努力相一致。在我们的模型中,二氧化碳注入发生在地下储层的自由水区和含水岩层之间的界面处。二氧化碳水合物形成过程会释放热量,从而解离甲烷水合物,使甲烷被二氧化碳分子取代并向生产井移动。此外,所研究的注入压力范围(包括等于和超过初始储层压力两倍的压力)对海底沉降的影响不大。与纯二氧化碳注入相比,注入二氧化碳/N2 混合物可显著提高减少沉降的效果。这些发现为优化天然气水合物开采方法的效率和控制提供了重要启示。这些发现为优化天然气水合物提取方法的效率和控制提供了重要启示,强调了采用平衡注入策略以最大限度地降低环境风险和确保可持续能源提取的重要性。
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来源期刊
Marine and Petroleum Geology
Marine and Petroleum Geology 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
14.30%
发文量
475
审稿时长
63 days
期刊介绍: Marine and Petroleum Geology is the pre-eminent international forum for the exchange of multidisciplinary concepts, interpretations and techniques for all concerned with marine and petroleum geology in industry, government and academia. Rapid bimonthly publication allows early communications of papers or short communications to the geoscience community. Marine and Petroleum Geology is essential reading for geologists, geophysicists and explorationists in industry, government and academia working in the following areas: marine geology; basin analysis and evaluation; organic geochemistry; reserve/resource estimation; seismic stratigraphy; thermal models of basic evolution; sedimentary geology; continental margins; geophysical interpretation; structural geology/tectonics; formation evaluation techniques; well logging.
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