Photocatalytic hydrogen production and sulfamerazine degradation via a novel dual S-scheme photocatalyst: Nanocomposite synthesis, characterization and mechanism insights

IF 6.3 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of water process engineering Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI:10.1016/j.jwpe.2024.106402

Zaina Algarni , Hakim S. Sultan Aljibori , Abdelfattah Amari , Dheyaa J. Jasim , M.A. Diab , Heba A. El-Sabban , Noureddine Elboughdiri , Farruh Atamurotov

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Abstract

Creating highly effective photocatalysts is crucial for harnessing solar energy to degrade pollutants and produce hydrogen (H₂). In this study, we successfully synthesized a novel dual S-scheme iron oxide (Fe₂O₃)/bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃)/titanium dioxide (TiO₂) ternary photocatalyst using a straightforward method. This photocatalyst was employed for efficient photocatalytic water splitting and the degradation of the antibiotic sulfamerazine (SMZ) under visible light. Various characterization and photoelectrochemical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis (BET), photocurrent measurements, Mott-Schottky analysis, photoluminescence (PL), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and electron spin resonance (ESR), were utilized to analyze the synthesized materials. Among the synthesized nanocomposites, the 15 wt% Fe₂O₃/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂ (15FeBi/TiO₂) composite demonstrated exceptional photocatalytic efficiency, achieving 98 % SMZ degradation and a hydrogen production rate of 590.36 μmol/g·h. Experimental results, including scavenging tests and ESR findings, highlighted the crucial role of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (•O₂⁻) in the photocatalytic process. Moreover, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) results proposed three degradation pathways, and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis showed that the toxicity of intermediates was effectively reduced. The 15FeBi/TiO₂ photocatalyst also exhibited excellent reusability, retaining about 85 % of its initial activity after five cycles, and proved effective against various pollutants and in real water matrices. This research contributes to the design and development of high-activity heterojunction photocatalysts for superior clean energy generation and pollutant degradation under visible light.

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通过新型双 S-方案光催化剂光催化制氢和降解磺胺嘧啶：纳米复合材料的合成、表征和机理研究

创造高效的光催化剂对于利用太阳能降解污染物和产生氢气（H₂）至关重要。在本研究中，我们采用简单的方法成功合成了一种新型双 S 型氧化铁（Fe₂O₃）/氧化铋（Bi₂O₃）/二氧化钛（TiO₂）三元光催化剂。这种光催化剂被用于在可见光下高效光催化分水和降解抗生素磺胺嘧啶（SMZ）。利用各种表征和光电化学技术，包括扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、X 射线光电子能谱（XPS）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、布鲁诺-艾美特-泰勒表面积分析（BET）、光电流测量、莫特-肖特基分析、光致发光（PL）、电化学阻抗能谱（EIS）和电子自旋共振（ESR），对合成的材料进行了分析。在合成的纳米复合材料中，15 wt% Fe₂O₃/Bi₂O₃/TiO₂（15FeBi/TiO₂）复合材料表现出优异的光催化效率，SMZ 降解率达到 98%，产氢率达到 590.36 μmol/g-h。实验结果，包括清除测试和 ESR 发现，突出了羟基自由基（-OH）和超氧自由基（-O₂-）在光催化过程中的关键作用。此外，液相色谱-质谱（LC-MS）分析结果提出了三种降解途径，定量结构-活性关系（QSAR）分析表明，中间产物的毒性得到了有效降低。此外，15FeBi/TiO₂光催化剂还具有出色的可重复使用性，在循环使用五次后仍能保持约 85% 的初始活性，并被证明对各种污染物和实际水基质有效。这项研究有助于设计和开发高活性异质结光催化剂，从而在可见光下实现卓越的清洁能源生产和污染物降解。

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来源期刊

Journal of water process engineering Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Biotechnology

CiteScore

10.70

自引率

8.60%

发文量

846

审稿时长

24 days

期刊介绍： The Journal of Water Process Engineering aims to publish refereed, high-quality research papers with significant novelty and impact in all areas of the engineering of water and wastewater processing . Papers on advanced and novel treatment processes and technologies are particularly welcome. The Journal considers papers in areas such as nanotechnology and biotechnology applications in water, novel oxidation and separation processes, membrane processes (except those for desalination) , catalytic processes for the removal of water contaminants, sustainable processes, water reuse and recycling, water use and wastewater minimization, integrated/hybrid technology, process modeling of water treatment and novel treatment processes. Submissions on the subject of adsorbents, including standard measurements of adsorption kinetics and equilibrium will only be considered if there is a genuine case for novelty and contribution, for example highly novel, sustainable adsorbents and their use: papers on activated carbon-type materials derived from natural matter, or surfactant-modified clays and related minerals, would not fulfil this criterion. The Journal particularly welcomes contributions involving environmentally, economically and socially sustainable technology for water treatment, including those which are energy-efficient, with minimal or no chemical consumption, and capable of water recycling and reuse that minimizes the direct disposal of wastewater to the aquatic environment. Papers that describe novel ideas for solving issues related to water quality and availability are also welcome, as are those that show the transfer of techniques from other disciplines. The Journal will consider papers dealing with processes for various water matrices including drinking water (except desalination), domestic, urban and industrial wastewaters, in addition to their residues. It is expected that the journal will be of particular relevance to chemical and process engineers working in the field. The Journal welcomes Full Text papers, Short Communications, State-of-the-Art Reviews and Letters to Editors and Case Studies