Temporal changes in the proanthocyanidins to anthocyanins ratio during dormancy associate with bloom time variations in peach

IF 5.4 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Current Plant Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1016/j.cpb.2024.100393

Protiva Rani Das , Md Tabibul Islam , Jianyang Liu , Zongrang Liu , Chris Dardick , Sherif M. Sherif

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Our previous research demonstrated that fall applications of ethephon, an ethylene-releasing plant growth regulator, delay bloom in peach, accompanied by changes in endogenous hormones, ROS, sugar metabolism, and transcriptomic profiles during bud dormancy phases (endodormancy and ecodormancy). In this study, floral bud tissues were collected from ethephon-treated and untreated trees at three time points (200, 600, and 1000 chilling hours, CH) during endodormancy and two points (1000 and 3000 growing degree hours, GDH) during ecodormancy. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF/MS), we aimed to unravel the untargeted metabolic changes explaining ethephon-mediated bloom delay. Metabolite set-enrichment analysis (MSEA) revealed significant chemical group variations between dormancy phases, with a threefold increase in flavonoids during endodormancy and a doubling of organic and amino acids during ecodormancy. Further analysis of genes associated with the biosynthesis and transcriptional regulation of the flavonoid pathway showed that ethephon treatment upregulated genes associated with proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis and downregulated genes related to anthocyanins (ACNs). We quantified PA and ACN contents in 12 peach cultivars with contrasting bloom times and chilling requirements (e.g. 727–1308 CH). Late-bloom cultivars had higher PA levels during endodormancy, while early-bloom cultivars had higher ACN levels during ecodormancy. Staining buds with 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC) dye revealed a decline in the PA/ACN ratio at later ecodormancy stages, correlating with bloom time. Integrated analysis of metabolite content and gene expression in late-bloom 'KV021779' and early-bloom 'John Boy' cultivars validated that late-blooming cultivars have higher PA levels during endodormancy, extending dormancy-release periods and resulting in later blooms.

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桃子休眠期原花青素与花青素比率的时间变化与开花时间的变化有关

我们之前的研究表明，秋季施用乙烯利（一种释放乙烯的植物生长调节剂）会延迟桃树开花，并伴随着内源激素、ROS、糖代谢以及花芽休眠期（内休眠期和生态休眠期）转录组的变化。在这项研究中，在休眠期的三个时间点（200、600 和 1000 个寒冷小时，CH）和生态休眠期的两个时间点（1000 和 3000 个生长度小时，GDH），从经过乙硫磷处理和未经过乙硫磷处理的果树上采集了花芽组织。我们利用超高效液相色谱飞行时间质谱（UPLC-TOF/MS）技术，旨在揭示乙硫磷介导的开花延迟的非靶向代谢变化。代谢物集富集分析（MSEA）揭示了休眠期之间化学组的显著变化，其中黄酮类化合物在休眠期增加了三倍，有机酸和氨基酸在生态休眠期增加了一倍。对黄酮类化合物途径的生物合成和转录调控相关基因的进一步分析表明，乙硫磷处理上调了与原花青素（PA）生物合成相关的基因，下调了与花青素（ACN）相关的基因。我们对 12 个开花时间和冷藏要求（如 727-1308 CH）不同的桃栽培品种的 PA 和 ACN 含量进行了量化。晚花栽培品种在休眠期的 PA 含量较高，而早花栽培品种在生态休眠期的 ACN 含量较高。用 4-二甲氨基肉桂醛（DMAC）染料对花蕾进行染色，发现 PA/ACN 比率在生态休眠后期有所下降，这与开花时间有关。对晚花'KV021779'和早花'John Boy'栽培品种的代谢物含量和基因表达进行综合分析，验证了晚花栽培品种在内眠期间具有较高的 PA 含量，延长了休眠释放期，从而导致晚花。

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来源期刊

Current Plant Biology Agricultural and Biological Sciences-Plant Science

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

1.90%

发文量

审稿时长

50 days

期刊介绍： Current Plant Biology aims to acknowledge and encourage interdisciplinary research in fundamental plant sciences with scope to address crop improvement, biodiversity, nutrition and human health. It publishes review articles, original research papers, method papers and short articles in plant research fields, such as systems biology, cell biology, genetics, epigenetics, mathematical modeling, signal transduction, plant-microbe interactions, synthetic biology, developmental biology, biochemistry, molecular biology, physiology, biotechnologies, bioinformatics and plant genomic resources.