Air injection in paddy soil reduces N2O and NH3 emissions and regulates the nitrogen cycle

IF 6.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE
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Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food and a significant source of pollutant gases, such as nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3). While aeration irrigation can significantly increase rice yield, its impact on N2O and NH3 emissions, particularly the nitrogen (N) cycling mechanisms, remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the effects of soil air injection (SAI) on N2O and NH3 emissions, soil properties, rice N uptake and microbial N cycling, compared with soil without air injection (the control). SAI increased soil oxygen diffusion rate (SODR) by 31–107 %, raised soil pH by 0.4–0.9 units, enhanced total N uptake by rice by 8.3 %, and reduced N2O emissions by 17 % and NH3 volatilization by 16 %. The increase in SODR enhanced the N content in rice leaves, which subsequently suppressed NH3 volatilization. The reduction in N2O emissions was mainly attributed to the decline in norC gene abundance, while the increased abundances of amoB and GDH1 genes contributed to the suppression of NH3 volatilization. The abundance of norC was negatively correlated with Actinobacteria, whereas amoB and GDH1 abundances were positively correlated with Thaumarchaeota and Proteobacteria, respectively. Actinobacteria abundance initially increased and then decreased with rising SODR, while Thaumarchaeota abundance consistently increased as SODR rose. Additionally, the increase in soil pH promoted the abundance of Proteobacteria. In conclusion, SAI increased N uptake in rice leaves and influenced key N-cycling microorganisms (Actinobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, and Proteobacteria) and genes (norC, amoB and GDH1) by enhancing SODR and soil pH, thereby reducing N2O and NH3 emissions.
在稻田土壤中注入空气可减少 N2O 和 NH3 排放并调节氮循环
水稻(Oryza sativa L.)是一种主食,也是一氧化二氮(N2O)和氨气(NH3)等污染气体的重要来源。虽然通气灌溉能显著提高水稻产量,但其对 N2O 和 NH3 排放的影响,尤其是氮(N)循环机制,仍不清楚。在此,我们分析了与未注入空气的土壤(对照)相比,土壤空气注入(SAI)对 N2O 和 NH3 排放、土壤性质、水稻氮吸收和微生物氮循环的影响。土壤空气注入使土壤氧气扩散率(SODR)提高了 31-107%,土壤 pH 值提高了 0.4-0.9 个单位,水稻对氮的总吸收量提高了 8.3%,N2O 排放量减少了 17%,NH3 挥发量减少了 16%。SODR 的增加提高了水稻叶片中的氮含量,从而抑制了 NH3 的挥发。N2O 排放量的减少主要归因于 norC 基因丰度的下降,而 amoB 和 GDH1 基因丰度的增加则抑制了 NH3 的挥发。norC 的丰度与放线菌呈负相关,而 amoB 和 GDH1 的丰度则分别与潮气菌和变形菌呈正相关。放线菌的丰度最初随着 SODR 的升高而增加,然后减少,而潮气菌的丰度则随着 SODR 的升高而持续增加。此外,土壤 pH 值的增加也促进了变形菌的丰度。总之,SAI 通过提高 SODR 和土壤 pH 值,增加了水稻叶片对氮的吸收,并影响了关键的氮循环微生物(放线菌、潮气菌和变形菌)和基因(norC、amoB 和 GDH1),从而减少了 N2O 和 NH3 的排放。
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来源期刊
Soil & Tillage Research
Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
13.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
266
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.
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