Effect of bio-tillage on the least limiting water range of clayey red soil

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2024.106337

Jinqiang Wang , Rongkai Gao , Qi Long , Limin Chen , Waqar Ali , Zhengchao Tian , Jiazhou Chen

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Abstract

Poor soil physical properties related to the least limiting water range (LLWR) limit the productivity of clayey red soil (Ultisol) under a subtropical monsoon climate in southern China. This study evaluated the effects of bio-tillage on LLWR and identified the key factors influencing LLWR through a field experiment. The treatments included no plant, two cultivars of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. cv. Huashuang 4 and Brassica napus L. cv. Xinan 28), one-year-old and perennial lucerne (Medicago sativa L. cv. Ladino), and one-year-old and perennial vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. cv. Wild), used as cover crops prior to summer maize. Key parameters measured included plant root morphological traits, and soil bulk density, field capacity (FC), wilting point (PWP), available water content (AWC), penetration resistance (PR) and air-filled porosity (AFP) were determined. The two rape cultivars exhibited the shallowest root distribution (limited to 20 cm depth) and the lowest root surface density (RSD, ∼16.61 cm²·cm⁻³) and root volume density (RVD, ∼0.58 cm³·cm⁻³). In contrast, lucerne and vetiver demonstrated greater root development, with deeper root penetration (>60 cm), and higher RSD and RVD, with vetiver showing the highest values (RSD ∼24.01 cm²·cm⁻³, RVD ∼0.96 cm³·cm⁻³). Lucerne and vetiver treatments increased AWC and AFP but reduced PR. Soil planted with vetiver had lower FC (0.35–0.48 cm³·cm⁻³) and PR (1362–3297 kPa) than soil planted with lucerne, while soil planted with lucerne had a lower PWP (0.25–0.35 cm³·cm⁻³) than soil planted with vetiver. All crops improved LLWR at 0–20 cm depth, but vetiver increased LLWR below the depth of 20 cm due to its higher root length density (RLD) and RSD. Path analysis revealed that PR had the strongest direct negative effect on LLWR (coefficients from −1.0528 to −1.7642), while redundancy analysis showed a strong correlation between LLWR and the RSD (12.00 %) and RLD (11.33 %) of perennial vetiver, with weaker correlation to root diameter (7.00 %). Bio-tillage reduced PR through root growth, enhancing LLWR particularly at depth of 20–40 cm, with perennial vetiver showing the most significant improvement due to its deeper rooting depth and denser root distribution.

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生物耕作对粘质红壤最小极限水分范围的影响

在中国南方亚热带季风气候条件下，与最小极限水分范围（LLWR）相关的不良土壤物理特性限制了粘质红壤（Ultisol）的生产力。本研究通过田间试验评估了生物耕作对 LLWR 的影响，并确定了影响 LLWR 的关键因素。处理包括不种植、两种油菜栽培品种（Brassica napus L. cv. Huashuang 4 和 Brassica napus L. cv. Xinan 28）、一年生多年生丝兰（Medicago sativa L. cv. Ladino）和一年生多年生香根草（Vetiveria zizanioides L. cv. Wild），作为夏玉米种植前的覆盖作物。测量的主要参数包括植物根系形态特征、土壤容重、田间容重（FC）、枯萎点（PWP）、可用含水量（AWC）、渗透阻力（PR）和充气孔隙度（AFP）。两个油菜品种的根系分布最浅（仅限于 20 厘米深），根系表面密度（RSD，∼16.61 cm²-cm-³）和根系体积密度（RVD，∼0.58 cm³-cm-³）最低。相比之下，苜蓿和香根草的根系发展更快，根系穿透更深（60 厘米），RSD 和 RVD 也更高，其中香根草的数值最高（RSD ∼ 24.01 cm²-cm-³，RVD ∼ 0.96 cm³-cm-³）。苜蓿和香根草处理增加了AWC和AFP，但降低了PR。种植香根草的土壤的FC（0.35-0.48 cm3-cm-3）和PR（1362-3297 kPa）低于种植苜蓿的土壤，而种植苜蓿的土壤的PWP（0.25-0.35 cm3-cm-3）低于种植香根草的土壤。所有作物都提高了 0-20 厘米深度的 LLWR，但由于香根草的根长密度（RLD）和 RSD 较高，香根草提高了 20 厘米深度以下的 LLWR。路径分析显示，PR 对 LLWR 的直接负效应最强（系数从 -1.0528 到 -1.7642 不等），而冗余分析显示，LLWR 与多年生香根草的 RSD（12.00 %）和 RLD（11.33 %）有很强的相关性，而与根直径（7.00 %）的相关性较弱。生物耕作通过根系生长降低了PR，提高了LLWR，尤其是在20-40厘米的深度，其中多年生香根草的改善最为显著，因为其扎根深度更深，根系分布更密集。

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来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.