Variability in soil characteristics in the field–bund transition area increases water loss potential in paddy fields

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE

Soil & Tillage Research Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI:10.1016/j.still.2024.106339

Xinni Ju , Dongli She , Hongde Wang , Xiaoqin Sun , Xuan Huang , Lei Gao , Yongqiu Xia

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Abstract

Water loss in paddy fields occurs through various pathways, and previous studies have primarily focused on water seepage in the field, often overlooking the potential for the field-bund area. In this study, 3 typical paddy fields in the plain river network area of southeastern China were selected to clarify the differences in the soil structure and hydraulic characteristics at different positions within the field–bund area: the field, inner bund, middle bund and outer bund. The interactions between basic soil properties and hydraulic characteristics were also evaluated. The results revealed that the outer bund presented the lowest soil porosity (6.92 %), followed by the field (7.52 %), middle bund (7.77 %), and inner bund (8.09 %). The soil pores in the field presented the smallest mean diameter and fractal dimension and the highest degree of anisotropy. The deep layer of the bund contained more macropores, and the soil pores exhibited greater spatial distribution heterogeneity. The bottom layer in the field and bund presented the lowest average Ks value of only 0.05 mm min⁻¹, indicating the presence of a plow pan and a notable tendency for lateral seepage. Differences in the soil structure and hydraulic parameters between the field and bund created a driving force for lateral seepage and rendered the field–bund area a hotspot for water loss. For the analysis of the underlying water loss mechanism, the structural equation model represented 65 % of the total variance in the hydraulic parameters. The micropore characteristics had the greatest positive direct effect on the hydraulic parameters, with a standardized path coefficient of 0.39 (p < 0.001). The soil physical properties were not directly related to the hydraulic parameters but exerted an indirect effect through aggregate stability and micropore and macropore characteristics, with a total indirect standardized path coefficient of −0.41.

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田埂过渡区土壤特性的变化增加了稻田失水的可能性

稻田失水的途径多种多样，以往的研究主要集中于田间渗水，往往忽视了田埂区的失水潜力。本研究选取了中国东南平原河网地区的 3 块典型水田，以阐明田埂区内不同位置（田块、内埂、中埂和外埂）土壤结构和水力特征的差异。此外，还评估了土壤基本特性与水力特征之间的相互作用。结果显示，外滩的土壤孔隙率最低（6.92%），其次是田地（7.52%）、中滩（7.77%）和内滩（8.09%）。田间土壤孔隙的平均直径和分形维度最小，各向异性程度最高。外滩深层含有较多的大孔隙，土壤孔隙的空间分布异质性较大。田地和外滩的底层平均 Ks 值最低，仅为 0.05 毫米/分钟-1，表明存在犁盘，横向渗流趋势明显。田地和外滩之间土壤结构和水力参数的差异为横向渗流提供了动力，并使田地-外滩区域成为失水热点。在分析基本失水机制时，结构方程模型占水力参数总变异的 65%。微孔特征对水力参数的直接正向影响最大，标准化路径系数为 0.39（p < 0.001）。土壤物理特性与水力参数没有直接关系，但通过集料稳定性、微孔和大孔特性产生了间接影响，间接标准化路径系数为-0.41。

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来源期刊

Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学

CiteScore

13.00

自引率

6.20%

发文量

266

审稿时长

5 months

期刊介绍： Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.