Temporal variations of N and P losses via surface runoff from Chinese farmland after fertilisation

IF 6.1 1区 农林科学 Q1 SOIL SCIENCE
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Abstract

The loss of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) via surface runoff induced by fertilisation leads to water pollution and aggravates water scarcity. Studies estimating N and P losses from farmland have focused on the efficacy of agricultural management actions at reducing the amount of N and P lost. However, a gap remains in understanding the dynamics of N and P losses from farmland, especially differences among types of farmland, crop and fertiliser. Thus, the temporal variations of N and P losses via surface runoff from farmland induced by fertilisation were estimated using 5530 groups of paired observations collected in China. The results showed that N and P losses via surface runoff from paddy fields associated with fertilisation were greater than losses from upland fields. However, after > 90 days post-fertilisation, the effects of fertilisation on N and P loss from paddy fields were non-significant, while the effects of fertilisation on N and P losses from upland fields remained significant. Organic fertilisation decreased N losses from upland and paddy fields, but at more than 60 days post-fertilisation, N and P losses from upland fields were greater with organic than chemical or combined fertilisation. Increasing the fertilisation rate led to higher N and P losses from upland and paddy fields and extended the occurrence time of N and P loss from paddy fields. Overall, this study demonstrates the dynamic processes associated with fertilisation underlying N and P losses from farmland via surface runoff.
中国农田施肥后氮和磷通过地表径流流失的时间变化
施肥导致氮(N)和磷(P)通过地表径流流失,造成水污染,加剧水资源短缺。对农田氮和磷损失进行估算的研究侧重于农业管理措施在减少氮和磷损失量方面的功效。然而,在了解农田氮和磷损失的动态方面仍存在差距,尤其是不同类型的农田、作物和肥料之间的差异。因此,我们利用在中国收集的 5530 组配对观测数据,估算了施肥引起的农田氮、磷通过地表径流流失的时间变化。结果表明,施肥引起的水田地表径流的氮和磷损失量大于高地的损失量。然而,施肥 90 天后,施肥对水稻田氮和磷损失的影响不显著,而施肥对高地氮和磷损失的影响仍然显著。有机肥减少了高地和水稻田的氮损失,但在施肥后 60 多天,有机肥比化肥或化肥与化肥混合施肥对高地氮和磷的损失更大。提高施肥量会导致高地和水稻田的氮和磷损失增加,并延长水稻田氮和磷损失的发生时间。总之,这项研究证明了与施肥相关的动态过程,是农田通过地表径流损失氮和磷的基础。
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来源期刊
Soil & Tillage Research
Soil & Tillage Research 农林科学-土壤科学
CiteScore
13.00
自引率
6.20%
发文量
266
审稿时长
5 months
期刊介绍: Soil & Tillage Research examines the physical, chemical and biological changes in the soil caused by tillage and field traffic. Manuscripts will be considered on aspects of soil science, physics, technology, mechanization and applied engineering for a sustainable balance among productivity, environmental quality and profitability. The following are examples of suitable topics within the scope of the journal of Soil and Tillage Research: The agricultural and biosystems engineering associated with tillage (including no-tillage, reduced-tillage and direct drilling), irrigation and drainage, crops and crop rotations, fertilization, rehabilitation of mine spoils and processes used to modify soils. Soil change effects on establishment and yield of crops, growth of plants and roots, structure and erosion of soil, cycling of carbon and nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, leaching, runoff and other processes that affect environmental quality. Characterization or modeling of tillage and field traffic responses, soil, climate, or topographic effects, soil deformation processes, tillage tools, traction devices, energy requirements, economics, surface and subsurface water quality effects, tillage effects on weed, pest and disease control, and their interactions.
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