Understanding novel neuromodulation pathways in tDCS: brain stem recordings in rats during trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation.

IF 5.8 1区 医学 Q1 PSYCHIATRY
Alireza Majdi, Boateng Asamoah, Myles Mc Laughlin
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Abstract

tDCS is widely assumed to cause neuromodulation via the electric field in the cortex acting directly on cortical neurons. However, recent evidence suggests that tDCS may indirectly influence brain activity through cranial nerve pathways, notably the trigeminal nerve, but these neuromodulatory pathways remain unexplored. To investigate the first stages in this potential pathway we developed an animal model to study the effect of trigeminal nerve direct current stimulation (TN-DCS) on neuronal activity in the principal sensory nucleus (NVsnpr) and the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve (MeV). We conducted experiments on twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 10 NVsnpr, n = 10 MeV during anodic stimulation, and n = 4 MeV during cathodic stimulation). DC stimulation, ranging from 0.5 to 3 mA, targeted the trigeminal nerve's marginal branch. Concurrently, single-unit electrophysiological recordings were obtained using a 32-channel silicon probe, encompassing three 1-min intervals: pre, during, and post-stimulation. Xylocaine trigeminal nerve blockage served as a control. TN-DCS increased neuronal spiking activity in both NVsnpr and MeV, returning to baseline during the post-stimulation phase. The 3 mA DC stimulation of the blocked trigeminal nerve failed to induce increased spiking activity in the trigeminal nuclei. These findings provide empirical support for trigeminal nuclei modulation via TN-DCS, suggesting the cranial nerve pathways could play a role in mediating the tDCS effects in humans.

了解 tDCS 的新型神经调节途径:三叉神经直流电刺激期间大鼠脑干记录。
人们普遍认为,tDCS 通过皮层中的电场直接作用于皮层神经元,从而引起神经调节。然而,最近的证据表明,tDCS 可能会通过颅神经通路(尤其是三叉神经)间接影响大脑活动,但这些神经调节通路仍有待探索。为了研究这一潜在通路的第一阶段,我们建立了一个动物模型,研究三叉神经直流电刺激(TN-DCS)对三叉神经主感觉核(NVsnpr)和间脑核(MeV)神经元活动的影响。我们对 24 只雄性 Sprague Dawley 大鼠进行了实验(正极刺激时,n = 10 NVsnpr;负极刺激时,n = 10 MeV;阴极刺激时,n = 4 MeV)。直流电刺激的范围为 0.5 至 3 mA,目标是三叉神经的边缘分支。同时,使用 32 个通道的硅探针进行单机电生理记录,包括三个 1 分钟的时间间隔:刺激前、刺激中和刺激后。对照组为三叉神经阻滞的二甲卡因。TN-DCS 增加了 NVsnpr 和 MeV 的神经元尖峰活动,并在刺激后阶段恢复到基线。对阻断的三叉神经进行 3 毫安直流电刺激未能引起三叉神经核的尖峰活动增加。这些发现为通过 TN-DCS 调节三叉神经核提供了经验支持,表明颅神经通路可能在介导人类的 tDCS 效应中发挥作用。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
2.90%
发文量
484
审稿时长
23 weeks
期刊介绍: Psychiatry has suffered tremendously by the limited translational pipeline. Nobel laureate Julius Axelrod''s discovery in 1961 of monoamine reuptake by pre-synaptic neurons still forms the basis of contemporary antidepressant treatment. There is a grievous gap between the explosion of knowledge in neuroscience and conceptually novel treatments for our patients. Translational Psychiatry bridges this gap by fostering and highlighting the pathway from discovery to clinical applications, healthcare and global health. We view translation broadly as the full spectrum of work that marks the pathway from discovery to global health, inclusive. The steps of translation that are within the scope of Translational Psychiatry include (i) fundamental discovery, (ii) bench to bedside, (iii) bedside to clinical applications (clinical trials), (iv) translation to policy and health care guidelines, (v) assessment of health policy and usage, and (vi) global health. All areas of medical research, including — but not restricted to — molecular biology, genetics, pharmacology, imaging and epidemiology are welcome as they contribute to enhance the field of translational psychiatry.
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