Strategies for the enhancement of IL-21 mediated antitumor activity in solid tumors

IF 3.7 3区医学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Cytokine Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI:10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156787

You Wu , Jing Jiao , Shaoxian Wu , Jingting Jiang

{"title":"Strategies for the enhancement of IL-21 mediated antitumor activity in solid tumors","authors":"You Wu , Jing Jiao , Shaoxian Wu , Jingting Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156787","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solid tumors significantly impact global health, necessitating enhanced prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Tumor immunotherapy, notably through programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), offers new hope to patients with advanced tumors, although many still do not benefit. Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a cytokine produced by certain immune cells, performs various biological functions by activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Currently, recombinant IL-21 demonstrates promising antitumor activity and acceptable toxicity in several clinical trials. However, challenges such as side effects, off-target reactions, and a short half-life limit the effectiveness of cytokine-based immunotherapies. Therefore, researching enhanced IL-21 treatment strategies in solid tumors is crucial. Integrating IL-21 with various treatment modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, additional cytokines, vaccines, or radiotherapy, is essential for improving response rates and prolonging patient survival. This review explores the specific mechanisms of IL-21 in prevalent high-incidence tumors, examines improved strategies for IL-21 in solid tumors, and aims to provide a theoretical basis for developing targeted treatment strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":297,"journal":{"name":"Cytokine","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 156787"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Cytokine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1043466624002916","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Solid tumors significantly impact global health, necessitating enhanced prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment approaches. Tumor immunotherapy, notably through programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), offers new hope to patients with advanced tumors, although many still do not benefit. Interleukin-21 (IL-21), a cytokine produced by certain immune cells, performs various biological functions by activating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway. Currently, recombinant IL-21 demonstrates promising antitumor activity and acceptable toxicity in several clinical trials. However, challenges such as side effects, off-target reactions, and a short half-life limit the effectiveness of cytokine-based immunotherapies. Therefore, researching enhanced IL-21 treatment strategies in solid tumors is crucial. Integrating IL-21 with various treatment modalities, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, additional cytokines, vaccines, or radiotherapy, is essential for improving response rates and prolonging patient survival. This review explores the specific mechanisms of IL-21 in prevalent high-incidence tumors, examines improved strategies for IL-21 in solid tumors, and aims to provide a theoretical basis for developing targeted treatment strategies.

查看原文本刊更多论文

增强 IL-21 介导的实体瘤抗肿瘤活性的策略。

实体瘤严重影响全球健康，需要加强预防、早期诊断和治疗方法。肿瘤免疫疗法，尤其是通过程序性细胞死亡蛋白 1（PD-1）和程序性细胞死亡配体 1（PD-L1）进行的免疫疗法，为晚期肿瘤患者带来了新的希望，尽管许多患者仍无法从中获益。白细胞介素-21（IL-21）是由某些免疫细胞产生的一种细胞因子，通过激活 JAK/STAT 信号通路发挥各种生物功能。目前，重组 IL-21 在多项临床试验中显示出良好的抗肿瘤活性和可接受的毒性。然而，副作用、脱靶反应和半衰期短等挑战限制了基于细胞因子的免疫疗法的有效性。因此，研究IL-21在实体瘤中的强化治疗策略至关重要。将IL-21与免疫检查点抑制剂、其他细胞因子、疫苗或放疗等各种治疗方式相结合，对于提高应答率和延长患者生存期至关重要。本综述探讨了IL-21在流行性高发肿瘤中的具体机制，研究了IL-21在实体瘤中的改进策略，旨在为制定靶向治疗策略提供理论依据。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Cytokine 医学-免疫学

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

2.60%

发文量

262

审稿时长

48 days

期刊介绍： The journal Cytokine has an open access mirror journal Cytokine: X, sharing the same aims and scope, editorial team, submission system and rigorous peer review. * Devoted exclusively to the study of the molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, immunology, genome-wide association studies, pathobiology, diagnostic and clinical applications of all known interleukins, hematopoietic factors, growth factors, cytotoxins, interferons, new cytokines, and chemokines, Cytokine provides comprehensive coverage of cytokines and their mechanisms of actions, 12 times a year by publishing original high quality refereed scientific papers from prominent investigators in both the academic and industrial sectors. We will publish 3 major types of manuscripts: 1) Original manuscripts describing research results. 2) Basic and clinical reviews describing cytokine actions and regulation. 3) Short commentaries/perspectives on recently published aspects of cytokines, pathogenesis and clinical results.