Harnessing extracellular vesicle heterogeneity for diagnostic and therapeutic applications

IF 38.1 1区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Nature nanotechnology Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1038/s41565-024-01774-3

Randy P. Carney, Rachel R. Mizenko, Batuhan T. Bozkurt, Neona Lowe, Tanner Henson, Alessandra Arizzi, Aijun Wang, Cheemeng Tan, Steven C. George

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Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are diverse nanoparticles with large heterogeneity in size and molecular composition. Although this heterogeneity provides high diagnostic value for liquid biopsy and confers many exploitable functions for therapeutic applications in cancer detection, wound healing and neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, it has also impeded their clinical translation—hence heterogeneity acts as a double-edged sword. Here we review the impact of subpopulation heterogeneity on EV function and identify key cornerstones for addressing heterogeneity in the context of modern analytical platforms with single-particle resolution. We outline concrete steps towards the identification of key active biomolecules that determine EV mechanisms of action across different EV subtypes. We describe how such knowledge could accelerate EV-based therapies and engineering approaches for mimetic artificial nanovesicle formulations. This approach blunts one edge of the sword, leaving only a single razor-sharp edge on which EV heterogeneity can be exploited for therapeutic applications across many diseases.

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利用细胞外囊泡的异质性开展诊断和治疗应用

细胞外囊泡（EVs）是一种多样化的纳米颗粒，在大小和分子组成上具有很大的异质性。尽管这种异质性为液体活检提供了很高的诊断价值，并为癌症检测、伤口愈合、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病的治疗应用提供了许多可利用的功能，但它也阻碍了其临床转化--因此异质性就像一把双刃剑。在此，我们回顾了亚群异质性对 EV 功能的影响，并确定了在具有单颗粒分辨率的现代分析平台背景下解决异质性问题的关键基石。我们概述了识别决定不同 EV 亚型的 EV 作用机制的关键活性生物分子的具体步骤。我们描述了这些知识如何能加速基于 EV 的疗法和模拟人工纳米微粒配方的工程方法。这种方法钝化了剑的一个边缘，只留下一个锋利的边缘，可以利用 EV 的异质性对多种疾病进行治疗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nature nanotechnology 工程技术-材料科学：综合

CiteScore

59.70

自引率

0.80%

发文量

196

审稿时长

4-8 weeks

期刊介绍： Nature Nanotechnology is a prestigious journal that publishes high-quality papers in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The journal focuses on the design, characterization, and production of structures, devices, and systems that manipulate and control materials at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular scales. It encompasses both bottom-up and top-down approaches, as well as their combinations. Furthermore, Nature Nanotechnology fosters the exchange of ideas among researchers from diverse disciplines such as chemistry, physics, material science, biomedical research, engineering, and more. It promotes collaboration at the forefront of this multidisciplinary field. The journal covers a wide range of topics, from fundamental research in physics, chemistry, and biology, including computational work and simulations, to the development of innovative devices and technologies for various industrial sectors such as information technology, medicine, manufacturing, high-performance materials, energy, and environmental technologies. It includes coverage of organic, inorganic, and hybrid materials.