Controls of lithology and degree of fracturing on the in-situ estimation of rock mass hardness using the Equotip hardness tester

IF 3.7 2区工程技术 Q3 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1007/s10064-024-03977-3

Elisa Mammoliti, Sara Ciattoni, Mirko Francioni, Gregorio Baiocchi, Veronica Gironelli, Stefano Mazzoli

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The use of the Equotip hardness tester in engineering geology has increased significantly in recent years, especially in estimating the strength of weak and weathered rock materials. Weathering and fracturing, besides lithology, influence the overall behaviour of the rock mass and the response of the non-destructive tester. In this study, more than 9,000 Equotip rebound measurements were collected from twelve rock outcrops of several geological formations in central Italy, using a regular measurement grid approach. In addition, linear scan lines were combined with the analysis of photogrammetric sampling windows to determine geomechanical indexes such as Rock Quality Designation (RQD), Joint Volumetric Count (Jv) and Fracture intensity (P21) to be coupled with the Equotip measurements. A strong correlation was found between RQD, Jv, P21 and the Equotip rebound. The study presents an innovative approach by integrating extensive Equotip rebound measurements with geomechanical indices (RQD, Jv, P21) and advanced photogrammetric techniques. This combination provides new quantitative constraints on the relationship between fracture intensity, lithological variation, and mechanical properties of rock masses. Our findings highlight the potential of Equotip testing as a fast and reliable tool for in-situ rock mass quality assessment, also in heterogeneous geological settings, improving hazard management and engineering design.

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岩性和断裂程度对使用 Equotip 硬度计现场估算岩体硬度的影响

近年来，Equotip 硬度计在工程地质中的使用大幅增加，尤其是在评估软弱和风化岩石材料的强度方面。除岩性外，风化和断裂也会影响岩体的整体行为和无损检测仪的响应。在这项研究中，使用规则测量网格方法，从意大利中部多个地质构造的 12 个岩石露头收集了 9,000 多次 Equotip 回弹测量数据。此外，线性扫描线与摄影测量采样窗口分析相结合，确定了岩石质量指标 (RQD)、节理体积计数 (Jv) 和断裂强度 (P21) 等地质力学指标，并与 Equotip 测量结果相结合。研究发现，RQD、Jv、P21 和 Equotip 反弹之间存在很强的相关性。该研究提出了一种创新方法，将广泛的 Equotip 回弹测量与地质力学指数（RQD、Jv、P21）和先进的摄影测量技术相结合。这种结合为岩体的断裂强度、岩性变化和力学性能之间的关系提供了新的定量约束。我们的研究结果凸显了 Equotip 测试作为一种快速可靠的原位岩体质量评估工具的潜力，同样适用于异质地质环境，从而改善危险管理和工程设计。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 工程技术-地球科学综合

CiteScore

7.10

自引率

11.90%

发文量

445

审稿时长

4.1 months

期刊介绍： Engineering geology is defined in the statutes of the IAEG as the science devoted to the investigation, study and solution of engineering and environmental problems which may arise as the result of the interaction between geology and the works or activities of man, as well as of the prediction of and development of measures for the prevention or remediation of geological hazards. Engineering geology embraces: • the applications/implications of the geomorphology, structural geology, and hydrogeological conditions of geological formations; • the characterisation of the mineralogical, physico-geomechanical, chemical and hydraulic properties of all earth materials involved in construction, resource recovery and environmental change; • the assessment of the mechanical and hydrological behaviour of soil and rock masses; • the prediction of changes to the above properties with time; • the determination of the parameters to be considered in the stability analysis of engineering works and earth masses.