Mapping Food Access and Related Risk Factors in Forecasting Social Disorder and Crime

IF 2 4区社会学 Q3 ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI:10.1007/s12061-024-09608-4

Alexis R. Kennedy, Leslie W. Kennedy, Alejandro Giménez-Santana, Joel M. Caplan

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Abstract

This paper seeks to disaggregate the relative effects of key environmental, economic, and social factors, including risk of crime, on food access in Newark, New Jersey. First, we identify environmental risk factors that contribute to the spatial distribution of aggravated assault. We then compare the results of this analysis that generates risk scores for assault in microenvironments to food access maps. The final part of the analysis assesses the relationship of these risk scores to macro level measures of social disorganization in determining their differential impact on food access. The results of this study suggest that high-risk environments for aggravated assaults and the presence of abandoned properties are strongly associated with the distribution of food access. In addition, individuals who are going to bodegas to get food within food deserts are also increasing their risks of becoming victims of aggravated assault. As such, food policy must consider how to mitigate the negative effects of multiple layers of deprivation, including crime, to better eradicate food deserts.

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绘制食物获取及相关风险因素图，预测社会动乱和犯罪

本文旨在对新泽西州纽瓦克市的主要环境、经济和社会因素（包括犯罪风险）对食物获取的相对影响进行分类。首先，我们确定了导致严重伤害罪空间分布的环境风险因素。然后，我们将这一分析结果与食物获取地图进行比较，从而得出微观环境中的袭击风险分数。分析的最后一部分评估了这些风险分数与社会无序性宏观措施之间的关系，以确定它们对食物获取的不同影响。研究结果表明，严重袭击的高风险环境和废弃房产的存在与食物获取分布密切相关。此外，在食物沙漠中去杂货店买食物的人也增加了他们成为严重袭击受害者的风险。因此，粮食政策必须考虑如何减轻包括犯罪在内的多层剥夺的负面影响，以更好地消除粮食沙漠。

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来源期刊

Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy Multiple-

CiteScore

3.80

自引率

5.30%

发文量

期刊介绍： Description The journal has an applied focus: it actively promotes the importance of geographical research in real world settings It is policy-relevant: it seeks both a readership and contributions from practitioners as well as academics The substantive foundation is spatial analysis: the use of quantitative techniques to identify patterns and processes within geographic environments The combination of these points, which are fully reflected in the naming of the journal, establishes a unique position in the marketplace. RationaleA geographical perspective has always been crucial to the understanding of the social and physical organisation of the world around us. The techniques of spatial analysis provide a powerful means for the assembly and interpretation of evidence, and thus to address critical questions about issues such as crime and deprivation, immigration and demographic restructuring, retailing activity and employment change, resource management and environmental improvement. Many of these issues are equally important to academic research as they are to policy makers and Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy aims to close the gap between these two perspectives by providing a forum for discussion of applied research in a range of different contexts Topical and interdisciplinaryIncreasingly government organisations, administrative agencies and private businesses are requiring research to support their ‘evidence-based’ strategies or policies. Geographical location is critical in much of this work which extends across a wide range of disciplines including demography, actuarial sciences, statistics, public sector planning, business planning, economics, epidemiology, sociology, social policy, health research, environmental management. FocusApplied Spatial Analysis and Policy will draw on applied research from diverse problem domains, such as transport, policing, education, health, environment and leisure, in different international contexts. The journal will therefore provide insights into the variations in phenomena that exist across space, it will provide evidence for comparative policy analysis between domains and between locations, and stimulate ideas about the translation of spatial analysis methods and techniques across varied policy contexts. It is essential to know how to measure, monitor and understand spatial distributions, many of which have implications for those with responsibility to plan and enhance the society and the environment in which we all exist. Readership and Editorial BoardAs a journal focused on applications of methods of spatial analysis, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy will be of interest to scholars and students in a wide range of academic fields, to practitioners in government and administrative agencies and to consultants in private sector organisations. The Editorial Board reflects the international and multidisciplinary nature of the journal.