Experiences with discrimination during pregnancy in Canada and associations with depression and anxiety symptoms.

IF 2.9 4区 医学 Q2 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Kelsey P Davis, Makayla Freeman, Pariza Fazal, Kristin A Reynolds, Charlie Rioux, Danielle L Beatty Moody, Beatrice Pui-Yee Lai, Gerald F Giesbrecht, Catherine Lebel, Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Objectives: Experiences of discrimination reported during pregnancy are common and are associated with poor mental health and adverse birth outcomes. No Canadian studies have investigated interpersonal discrimination during pregnancy. This study aimed to quantify and identify lived-experiences of discrimination in a Canadian cohort of pregnant individuals, and examine associations with concurrent prenatal anxiety and depression symptoms.

Methods: Pregnant individuals from the pan-Canadian Pregnancy During the Pandemic (PdP) study (n = 1943) completed the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS), demographic measures and self-report measures of depression and anxiety symptoms. Descriptive statistics and ANCOVA were used to assess prevalence of discrimination and associated mental health outcomes. Open-text responses (n = 189) to a question investigating reasons for discrimination were analyzed using conventional content analysis.

Results: Approximately three quarters (72%) of pregnant individuals experienced at least one instance of discrimination during their pregnancy or within the year prior. Pregnant individuals experiencing more frequent and/or more types of discrimination were more likely to identify as non-white, not be partnered, have lower socioeconomic status, and have a pre-pregnancy history of anxiety and depression. The most common attributions for interpersonal discrimination were gender, age, and education/income level. Pregnant individuals who experienced more frequent discrimination and/or more types of discrimination were more likely to report clinically significant symptoms of depression and anxiety (n = 623; 35.2% and 49.1%, respectively) compared to those who reported no discrimination (n = 539; 11.5% and 19.1%, respectively). Conventional content analysis of open-text responses generated the following main themes: (1) personal attributes and sociodemographic characteristics, (2) occupation, (3) the COVID-19 pandemic, (4) pregnancy and parenting, and (5) causes outside the self.

Conclusion: Frequent discrimination was associated with more adverse concurrent mental health symptoms. Understanding experiences of discrimination can inform interventions that better address the needs of pregnant individuals and their infants.

加拿大孕妇在怀孕期间遭受歧视的经历及其与抑郁和焦虑症状的关系。
目的:据报道,怀孕期间遭受歧视的经历很常见,而且与心理健康状况不佳和不良分娩结果有关。加拿大还没有研究调查过孕期人际歧视问题。本研究旨在量化和识别加拿大孕妇队列中的歧视经历,并研究其与同时出现的产前焦虑和抑郁症状之间的关联:泛加拿大大流行期间妊娠(PdP)研究中的孕妇(n = 1943)完成了日常歧视量表(EDS)、人口统计学测量以及抑郁和焦虑症状的自我报告测量。描述性统计和方差分析用于评估歧视的普遍程度和相关的心理健康结果。对调查歧视原因的问题的开放文本回答(n = 189)采用传统的内容分析法进行了分析:大约四分之三(72%)的孕妇在怀孕期间或之前一年内至少遭受过一次歧视。受到更频繁和/或更多类型歧视的孕妇更有可能被认定为非白人、没有伴侣、社会经济地位较低、孕前有焦虑和抑郁史。人际歧视最常见的原因是性别、年龄和教育/收入水平。与没有受到歧视的孕妇(539 人,分别占 11.5%和 19.1%)相比,受到更频繁歧视和/或更多类型歧视的孕妇更有可能报告有临床意义的抑郁和焦虑症状(623 人,分别占 35.2%和 49.1%)。对开放文本回复的常规内容分析得出以下主要主题:(1) 个人属性和社会人口特征,(2) 职业,(3) COVID-19 大流行,(4) 怀孕和养育子女,(5) 自我以外的原因:结论:经常受到歧视与并发的更多不良心理健康症状有关。了解歧视经历可以为干预措施提供依据,从而更好地满足孕妇及其婴儿的需求。
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来源期刊
Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique
Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH-
CiteScore
6.10
自引率
4.70%
发文量
128
期刊介绍: The Canadian Journal of Public Health is dedicated to fostering excellence in public health research, scholarship, policy and practice. The aim of the Journal is to advance public health research and practice in Canada and around the world, thus contributing to the improvement of the health of populations and the reduction of health inequalities. CJPH publishes original research and scholarly articles submitted in either English or French that are relevant to population and public health. CJPH is an independent, peer-reviewed journal owned by the Canadian Public Health Association and published by Springer.   Énoncé de mission La Revue canadienne de santé publique se consacre à promouvoir l’excellence dans la recherche, les travaux d’érudition, les politiques et les pratiques de santé publique. Son but est de faire progresser la recherche et les pratiques de santé publique au Canada et dans le monde, contribuant ainsi à l’amélioration de la santé des populations et à la réduction des inégalités de santé. La RCSP publie des articles savants et des travaux inédits, soumis en anglais ou en français, qui sont d’intérêt pour la santé publique et des populations. La RCSP est une revue indépendante avec comité de lecture, propriété de l’Association canadienne de santé publique et publiée par Springer.
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