Health Implications of Widespread Micro- and Nanoplastic Exposure: Environmental Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Biological Impact on Humans.

IF 3.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Toxics Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI:10.3390/toxics12100730

Olivia-Teodora Preda, Ana-Maria Vlasceanu, Cristina Veronica Andreescu, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Yaroslav Mezhuev, Carolina Negrei, Daniela Luiza Baconi

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Abstract

The increasing awareness of the potential health risks associated with microplastics' (MPs) and nanoplastics' (NPs) presence in the environment has led to a significant rise in research focused on these particles over the past few years. This review focuses on the research on MPs'/NPs' presence and spread, pathways of exposure, toxicological effects on human health and legal framework related to MP/NP challenges. Several research projects have aimed to assess their potential harm to human health, focusing on different systems and organs. After exposure (independent of the pathway), these hazards reach the blood stream and concentrate in different organs. Further, they are responsible for harmful changes, having an immediate effect (pain, inflammation, or hormone imbalance) or lead to a long-term disease (e.g., infertility, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or cancer). Toxicological effects have been noticed at high concentrations of MPs, specifically polystyrene, the most widespread typical MP, but only short-term effects have been mostly studied. Significant quantities of consumed MPs have been discovered to have diverse detrimental effects, posing a threat to human welfare. The exact concentrations of microplastics that are inhaled and swallowed and then build up in the human body are still not known. Further investigation is necessary to evaluate the impact of MP/NP contamination at minimal concentrations and for prolonged durations.

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广泛接触微塑料和纳米塑料对健康的影响：环境普遍性、机制和对人类的生物影响。

随着人们对环境中存在的微塑料（MPs）和纳米塑料（NPs）所带来的潜在健康风险的认识不断提高，过去几年中有关这些微粒的研究显著增加。本综述重点关注有关微塑料/纳米塑料的存在和传播、接触途径、对人类健康的毒理学影响以及与微塑料/纳米塑料挑战相关的法律框架的研究。一些研究项目旨在评估它们对人体健康的潜在危害，重点关注不同的系统和器官。在接触后（与接触途径无关），这些危害物质会进入血流并集中在不同的器官中。此外，它们还会造成有害变化，产生直接影响（疼痛、炎症或荷尔蒙失调）或导致长期疾病（如不孕症、慢性阻塞性肺病或癌症）。人们已经注意到高浓度 MPs（特别是聚苯乙烯，最常见的典型 MPs）的毒理效应，但大部分研究只涉及短期效应。大量消耗的 MPs 已被发现具有多种有害影响，对人类福祉构成威胁。吸入和吞咽的微塑料在人体内积聚的确切浓度尚不清楚。有必要开展进一步调查，以评估MP/NP污染在最低浓度和较长时间内的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Toxics Chemical Engineering-Chemical Health and Safety

CiteScore

4.50

自引率

10.90%

发文量

681

审稿时长

6 weeks

期刊介绍： The Journal accepts papers describing work that furthers our understanding of the exposure, effects, and risks of chemicals and materials in humans and the natural environment as well as approaches to assess and/or manage the toxicological and ecotoxicological risks of chemicals and materials. The journal covers a wide range of toxic substances, including metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, biocides, nanomaterials, and polymers such as micro- and mesoplastics. Toxics accepts papers covering: The occurrence, transport, and fate of chemicals and materials in different systems (e.g., food, air, water, soil); Exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials as well as modelling and experimental approaches for characterizing the exposure in, e.g., water, air, soil, food, and consumer products; Uptake, metabolism, and effects of chemicals and materials in a wide range of systems including in-vitro toxicological assays, aquatic and terrestrial organisms and ecosystems, model mammalian systems, and humans; Approaches to assess the risks of chemicals and materials to humans and the environment; Methodologies to eliminate or reduce the exposure of humans and the environment to toxic chemicals and materials.