Combination of maleic hydrazide and coumarin inhibits rice seed germination involving reactive oxygen species accumulation, ABA metabolism and starch degradation

IF 6.1 2区生物学 Q1 PLANT SCIENCES

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI:10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.109202

Hanjing Sha , Yue Yu , Yunfei Han , Jia Liu , Zhongmin Han , Yubing Zhao , Chunran Huo , Huilin Chang , Fantao Zhang , Jingguo Wang , Jun Fang

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) in cereal crops is a prevalent phenomenon that impacts grain yield and quality. Several PHS inhibitory compounds were screened and identified in previous studies, such as eugenol (EUG), maleic hydrazide (MH), coumarin (COU), etc. However, few studies have focused on the combination of PHS inhibitors, and the inhibitory mechanism remains unclear. Here, through combination tests of EUG, MH, and COU, the optimal combination of PHS inhibitors was selected as MH 20 mg L⁻¹ + COU 100 mg L⁻¹, which presented the lowest germination percentages. The optimal combination treatment significantly decreased the germination rate, α-amylase activity, content of soluble sugar and soluble protein, enhanced ABA content and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), inhibited the production of superoxide anion (O₂⁻) and hydrogen peroxide, and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA); conversely, this trend is precisely the opposite in normal germination. Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed that the optimal combination of MH and COU significantly decreased the expression level of OsAmy1A and OsAmy3D at 12 and 48 h after imbibition (HAI); and promoted the expression of OsRbohs (OsRbohA, OsRbohC, OsRbohD, OsRbohE, OsRbohH) and ABA biosynthetic genes OsNCED1, OsNCED2, and OsNCED5, especially OsNCED2 at 12 HAI, but down-regulated expression of OsRbohs and ABA catabolic genes OsABA8ox1-3 at 48 HAI. These results demonstrated that the delay in seed germination induced by MH and COU involved in ROS, ABA, and sugars; the optimal combination of MH and COU inhibited the germination process by promoting ABA biosynthesis and reducing ABA catabolism, and restraining the α-amylase activity to lower soluble sugar content. Intriguingly, although the expression of OsRbohs, which play a crucial role in generating ROS, increased in early imbibition (12h), the activity of the antioxidant enzymes SOD and POD also increased with the optimal combination treatment of MH and COU, which lead to the delay in ROS accumulation and inhibition of germination. These results have deepened our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of PHS inhibitors and provided theoretical support for the application of MH and COU in preventing sprouting before crop harvesting.

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马来酰肼和香豆素联合抑制水稻种子萌发，涉及活性氧积累、ABA 代谢和淀粉降解。

谷类作物收获前发芽（PHS）是影响谷物产量和品质的普遍现象。以往的研究筛选并确定了多种 PHS 抑制化合物，如丁香酚（EUG）、马来酰肼（MH）、香豆素（COU）等。然而，很少有研究关注 PHS 抑制剂的联合作用，其抑制机制也尚不清楚。本文通过对 EUG、MH 和 COU 的组合试验，筛选出 PHS 抑制剂的最佳组合为 MH 20 mg L-1 + COU 100 mg L-1，该组合的发芽率最低。最佳组合处理明显降低了发芽率、α-淀粉酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质的含量，提高了 ABA 含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）的活性，抑制了超氧阴离子（O2-）和过氧化氢的产生，降低了丙二醛（MDA）的含量；相反，这一趋势在正常发芽时恰恰相反。此外，基因表达分析表明，MH 和 COU 的最佳组合能显著降低 OsAmy1A 和 OsAmy3D 在浸种（HAI）后 12 和 48 小时的表达水平；并促进了 OsRbohs（OsRbohA、OsRbohC、OsRbohD、OsRbohE、OsRbohH）和 ABA 生物合成基因 OsNCED1、OsNCED2 和 OsNCED5 的表达，尤其是 OsNCED2 在浸种后 12 h 的表达，但下调了 OsRbohs 和 ABA 分解基因 OsABA8ox1-3 在浸种后 48 h 的表达。这些结果表明，MH 和 COU 诱导的种子萌发延迟涉及 ROS、ABA 和糖；MH 和 COU 的最佳组合通过促进 ABA 生物合成和减少 ABA 分解，以及抑制α-淀粉酶活性以降低可溶性糖含量来抑制萌发过程。耐人寻味的是，虽然对产生 ROS 起关键作用的 OsRbohs 的表达量在浸种初期（12 小时）有所增加，但在 MH 和 COU 的最佳组合处理下，抗氧化酶 SOD 和 POD 的活性也有所提高，从而延缓了 ROS 的积累，抑制了发芽。这些结果加深了我们对 PHS 抑制剂调控机制的理解，为 MH 和 COU 在作物收获前防止萌芽的应用提供了理论支持。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 生物-植物科学

CiteScore

11.10

自引率

3.10%

发文量

410

审稿时长

33 days

期刊介绍： Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes original theoretical, experimental and technical contributions in the various fields of plant physiology (biochemistry, physiology, structure, genetics, plant-microbe interactions, etc.) at diverse levels of integration (molecular, subcellular, cellular, organ, whole plant, environmental). Opinions expressed in the journal are the sole responsibility of the authors and publication does not imply the editors'' agreement. Manuscripts describing molecular-genetic and/or gene expression data that are not integrated with biochemical analysis and/or actual measurements of plant physiological processes are not suitable for PPB. Also "Omics" studies (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, etc.) reporting descriptive analysis without an element of functional validation assays, will not be considered. Similarly, applied agronomic or phytochemical studies that generate no new, fundamental insights in plant physiological and/or biochemical processes are not suitable for publication in PPB. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry publishes several types of articles: Reviews, Papers and Short Papers. Articles for Reviews are either invited by the editor or proposed by the authors for the editor''s prior agreement. Reviews should not exceed 40 typewritten pages and Short Papers no more than approximately 8 typewritten pages. The fundamental character of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry remains that of a journal for original results.