Lynne Itelson, Mayan Merav, Shai Haymi, Shmuel Carmeli, Micha Ilan
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
Marine sponges are well-known for hosting rich microbial communities. Sponges are the most prolific source of marine bioactive compounds, which are frequently synthesized by their associated microbiota. Calyx nicaeensis is an endemic Mediterranean sponge with scarce information regarding its (bioactive) secondary metabolites. East Mediterranean specimens of mesophotic C. nicaeensis have never been studied. Moreover, no research has inspected its associated bacteria. Thus, we studied the sponge's bacterial diversity and examined bacterial interspecific interactions in search of a promising antibacterial candidate. Such novel antimicrobial agents are needed since extensive antibiotic use leads to bacterial drug resistance. Bacteria cultivation yielded 90 operational taxonomic units (OTUs). A competition assay enabled the testing of interspecific interactions between the cultured OTUs. The highest-ranked antagonistic bacterium, identified as Paenisporosarcina indica (previously never found in marine or cold habitats), was mass cultured, extracted, and separated using size exclusion and reversed-phase chromatographic methods, guided by antibacterial activity. A pure compound was isolated and identified as 3-oxy-anteiso-C15-fatty acid-lichenysin. Five additional active compounds await final cleaning; however, they are lichenysins and surfactins. These are the first antibacterial compounds identified from either the C. nicaeensis sponge or P. indica bacterium. It also revealed that the genus Bacillus is not an exclusive producer of lichenysin and surfactin.
众所周知,海洋海绵拥有丰富的微生物群落。海绵是海洋生物活性化合物最丰富的来源,这些化合物经常由其相关微生物群合成。Calyx nicaeensis 是地中海特有的海绵,有关其(生物活性)次生代谢物的信息很少。从未对地中海东部的嗜中性萼片海绵标本进行过研究。此外,也没有研究考察过与之相关的细菌。因此,我们研究了该海绵的细菌多样性,并考察了细菌的种间相互作用,以寻找有前景的抗菌候选物。由于大量使用抗生素会导致细菌产生耐药性,因此我们需要这种新型抗菌剂。细菌培养产生了 90 个可操作的分类单元(OTUs)。通过竞争试验,可以测试培养出的 OTU 之间的种间相互作用。在抗菌活性的指导下,对排名最高的拮抗细菌进行了大量培养、提取,并使用尺寸排阻和反相色谱法进行分离。分离出一种纯化合物,经鉴定为 3-氧-anteiso-C15-脂肪酸-lichenysin。还有五种活性化合物有待最终净化,但它们都是地衣素和表面活性剂。这是首次从 C. nicaeensis 海绵或 P. indica 细菌中发现的抗菌化合物。研究还发现,芽孢杆菌属并不是地衣素和表面活性素的唯一生产者。
期刊介绍:
Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397) publishes reviews, regular research papers and short notes on the research, development and production of drugs from the sea. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical research in as much detail as possible, particularly synthetic procedures and characterization information for bioactive compounds. There is no restriction on the length of the experimental section.