Practical immunomodulatory landscape of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) therapy.

IF 2.1 Q3 ONCOLOGY
Seyedeh Elham Norollahi, Bahman Yousefi, Fatemeh Nejatifar, Shahrokh Yousefzadeh-Chabok, Ali Rashidy-Pour, Ali Akbar Samadani
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common harmful high-grade brain tumor with high mortality and low survival rate. Importantly, besides routine diagnostic and therapeutic methods, modern and useful practical techniques are urgently needed for this serious malignancy. Correspondingly, the translational medicine focusing on genetic and epigenetic profiles of glioblastoma, as well as the immune framework and brain microenvironment, based on these challenging findings, indicates that key clinical interventions include immunotherapy, such as immunoassay, oncolytic viral therapy, and chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy, which are of great importance in both diagnosis and therapy. Relatively, vaccine therapy reflects the untapped confidence to enhance GBM outcomes. Ongoing advances in immunotherapy, which utilizes different methods to regenerate or modify the resistant body for cancer therapy, have revealed serious results with many different problems and difficulties for patients. Safe checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cellular treatment, cellular and peptide antibodies, and other innovations give researchers an endless cluster of instruments to plan profoundly in personalized medicine and the potential for combination techniques. In this way, antibodies that block immune checkpoints, particularly those that target the program death 1 (PD-1)/PD-1 (PD-L1) ligand pathway, have improved prognosis in a wide range of diseases. However, its use in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or monotherapy is ineffective in treating GBM. The purpose of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the translational elements concentrating on the immunotherapeutic field of GBM alongside describing the molecular mechanism involved in GBM and related signaling pathways, presenting both historical perspectives and future directions underlying basic and clinical practice.

多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)治疗中的实用免疫调节方案。
多形性胶质母细胞瘤(GBM)是最常见的有害高级别脑肿瘤,死亡率高,存活率低。重要的是,对于这种严重的恶性肿瘤,除了常规诊断和治疗方法外,还迫切需要现代实用技术。相应地,基于这些具有挑战性的发现,以胶质母细胞瘤的遗传学和表观遗传学特征以及免疫框架和脑部微环境为重点的转化医学表明,关键的临床干预措施包括免疫疗法,如免疫测定、溶瘤病毒疗法和嵌合抗原受体 T(CAR T)细胞疗法,这些疗法在诊断和治疗中都具有重要意义。相对而言,疫苗疗法体现了提高 GBM 治疗效果的信心。免疫疗法利用不同的方法再生或改变抗药性机体以治疗癌症,其不断进步的结果表明,免疫疗法给患者带来了许多不同的问题和困难。安全的检查点抑制剂、采用性细胞治疗、细胞抗体和多肽抗体以及其他创新技术为研究人员提供了无穷无尽的手段,使他们能够深入规划个性化医疗和潜在的联合技术。因此,阻断免疫检查点的抗体,尤其是针对程序死亡1(PD-1)/PD-1(PD-L1)配体途径的抗体,可以改善多种疾病的预后。然而,与化疗、放疗联合使用或单药治疗对治疗 GBM 均无效。这篇综述的目的是提供有关 GBM 免疫治疗领域转化要素的最新概述,同时描述 GBM 的分子机制和相关信号通路,介绍基础和临床实践的历史观点和未来方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
46
审稿时长
11 weeks
期刊介绍: As the official publication of the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, the Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute (JENCI) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes on the latest innovations in oncology and thereby, providing academics and clinicians a leading research platform. JENCI welcomes submissions pertaining to all fields of basic, applied and clinical cancer research. Main topics of interest include: local and systemic anticancer therapy (with specific interest on applied cancer research from developing countries); experimental oncology; early cancer detection; randomized trials (including negatives ones); and key emerging fields of personalized medicine, such as molecular pathology, bioinformatics, and biotechnologies.
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