Marwa M Alnsour, Rasha A Alamoush, Nikolaos Silikas, Julian D Satterthwaite
{"title":"The Effect of Erosive Media on the Mechanical Properties of CAD/CAM Composite Materials.","authors":"Marwa M Alnsour, Rasha A Alamoush, Nikolaos Silikas, Julian D Satterthwaite","doi":"10.3390/jfb15100292","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic media storage (gastric acid and Coca-Cola) on the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM materials. Three types of materials were tested: a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) (Vita Enamic (En), VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), a resin composite block (RCB) (Cerasmart (Cs), GC Corp, Japan), and a conventional resin-based composite (Gradia direct (Gr), GC Corp, Japan), which was used as a control. Beam-shaped specimens of each material, with dimensions of 16 mm × 4 mm × 1.5 mm, were prepared (90 in total). The specimens were divided into subgroups (10 each) and stored for 96 h in either gastric acid, Coca-Cola, or distilled water. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated using a three-point flexural strength test with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Vickers microhardness was measured before and after storage in gastric acid and Coca-Cola. Data were statistically analysed using two-way and one-way ANOVA, the Tukey's post hoc, and independent <i>t</i>-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that Cs and En maintained their flexural strength and elastic modulus after acidic media exposure, while Gr experienced a significant decrease in flexural strength following gastric acid storage (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Initial crack detection was not possible using the AE system, impacting the determination of flexural strength. Exposure to acidic media decreased all materials' microhardness, with Gr showing the most notable reduction (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Gastric acid had a greater impact on the microhardness of all tested materials compared to Coca-Cola (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). In conclusion, storage in erosive media did not notably affect the flexural strength or elastic modulus of CAD/CAM composites but it did affect hardness. CAD/CAM composite blocks demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to the conventional composite.</p>","PeriodicalId":15767,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","volume":"15 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11508220/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Functional Biomaterials","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15100292","RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, BIOMEDICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of acidic media storage (gastric acid and Coca-Cola) on the mechanical properties of CAD/CAM materials. Three types of materials were tested: a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) (Vita Enamic (En), VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), a resin composite block (RCB) (Cerasmart (Cs), GC Corp, Japan), and a conventional resin-based composite (Gradia direct (Gr), GC Corp, Japan), which was used as a control. Beam-shaped specimens of each material, with dimensions of 16 mm × 4 mm × 1.5 mm, were prepared (90 in total). The specimens were divided into subgroups (10 each) and stored for 96 h in either gastric acid, Coca-Cola, or distilled water. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were evaluated using a three-point flexural strength test with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. Vickers microhardness was measured before and after storage in gastric acid and Coca-Cola. Data were statistically analysed using two-way and one-way ANOVA, the Tukey's post hoc, and independent t-test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that Cs and En maintained their flexural strength and elastic modulus after acidic media exposure, while Gr experienced a significant decrease in flexural strength following gastric acid storage (p < 0.01). Initial crack detection was not possible using the AE system, impacting the determination of flexural strength. Exposure to acidic media decreased all materials' microhardness, with Gr showing the most notable reduction (p < 0.0001). Gastric acid had a greater impact on the microhardness of all tested materials compared to Coca-Cola (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, storage in erosive media did not notably affect the flexural strength or elastic modulus of CAD/CAM composites but it did affect hardness. CAD/CAM composite blocks demonstrated superior mechanical properties compared to the conventional composite.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB, ISSN 2079-4983) is an international and interdisciplinary scientific journal that publishes regular research papers (articles), reviews and short communications about applications of materials for biomedical use. JFB covers subjects from chemistry, pharmacy, biology, physics over to engineering. The journal focuses on the preparation, performance and use of functional biomaterials in biomedical devices and their behaviour in physiological environments. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their results in as much detail as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced. Several topical special issues will be published. Scope: adhesion, adsorption, biocompatibility, biohybrid materials, bio-inert materials, biomaterials, biomedical devices, biomimetic materials, bone repair, cardiovascular devices, ceramics, composite materials, dental implants, dental materials, drug delivery systems, functional biopolymers, glasses, hyper branched polymers, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), nanomedicine, nanoparticles, nanotechnology, natural materials, self-assembly smart materials, stimuli responsive materials, surface modification, tissue devices, tissue engineering, tissue-derived materials, urological devices.