Pediatric non-nasopharyngeal head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program with review of the literature

IF 1.2 4区医学 Q3 OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2024.112135

Sara E. Bressler , Adele K. Evans

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background

Despite its prevalence in adults, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is considered a rare entity in pediatrics where lymphomas, neural tumors, and soft tissue sarcomas predominate in the head and neck. Given the association of squamous cell carcinoma with the human papillomavirus, a risk factor that may be present from birth, and the difficulties in staging this disease for prognostication in children, it is important to revisit nationally collected data for prevalence and outcomes assessments.

Objective

To examine a publicly available national database to describe the incidence, pathology, treatment, and survival of pediatric HNSCC. To review the available literature regarding management, outcomes, and risk factors for this disease process.

Methods

The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumor database was queried to identify pediatric subjects ages 0 to 19 diagnosed HNSCC between 1973 and 2019.

Results

Two-hundred ninety-two cases were identified. Subjects were 62.7 % male (n = 183) and the average age was 15.4 years (range 2–19, median 16). Subjects were 65.8 % white (n = 192), 22.9 % black (n = 67), 8.9 % Asian/Pacific Islander (n = 26), 1 % American Indian (n = 3), and 1.4 % unknown (n = 4). The most common primary sites were nasopharynx (45.9 %), oral cavity (30.5 %), larynx (8.6 %), salivary gland (4.1 %), nasal cavity & paranasal sinus (3.4 %), and lip (2.7 %). There was no statistically significant difference between primary subsite and age, race, histologic grade, or extent of disease. The 5-year overall survival was 83.6 %.

Discussion

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is more likely to present in older children and is more prevalent in White populations. The nasopharynx is the most common subsite involved, which differs from adult populations in which non-nasopharyngeal subsites including the larynx, oral cavity, and oropharynx are most frequently affected.

Conclusion

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is rare in pediatric patients but should not be overlooked by physicians in the differential diagnosis, particularly in teenagers. Further study is needed to determine whether this represents a unique entity or can be staged and treated according to adult guidelines.

查看原文本刊更多论文

小儿非鼻咽部头颈部鳞状细胞癌：监测、流行病学和最终结果 (SEER) 计划分析及文献综述。

背景：尽管头颈部鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）在成人中很常见，但在淋巴瘤、神经肿瘤和软组织肉瘤在头颈部占主导地位的儿科中却被认为是罕见病。鉴于鳞状细胞癌与人类乳头状瘤病毒（一种可能从出生时就存在的危险因素）的关联性，以及对这种疾病进行分期以预测儿童预后的困难性，重新审视全国收集的数据以评估患病率和预后非常重要：研究一个公开的国家数据库，以描述小儿 HNSCC 的发病率、病理、治疗和存活率。回顾有关该疾病过程的管理、结果和风险因素的现有文献：方法：查询美国国家癌症研究所（National Cancer Institute）的监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）肿瘤数据库，以确定1973年至2019年期间确诊为HNSCC的0至19岁小儿受试者：结果：共发现 222 例病例。受试者中 62.7% 为男性（n = 183），平均年龄为 15.4 岁（2-19 岁不等，中位数为 16 岁）。受试者中 65.8% 为白人（n = 192），22.9% 为黑人（n = 67），8.9% 为亚洲/太平洋岛民（n = 26），1% 为美洲印第安人（n = 3），1.4% 不详（n = 4）。最常见的原发部位是鼻咽（45.9%）、口腔（30.5%）、喉（8.6%）、唾液腺（4.1%）、鼻腔和副鼻窦（3.4%）以及嘴唇（2.7%）。原发部位与年龄、种族、组织学分级或病变范围之间的差异无统计学意义。5年总生存率为83.6%：讨论：头颈部鳞状细胞癌更可能出现在年龄较大的儿童身上，而且在白人中发病率更高。鼻咽部是最常受累的部位，这与成人中包括喉、口腔和口咽在内的非鼻咽部位最常受累的情况不同：头颈部鳞状细胞癌在儿童患者中较为罕见，但医生在鉴别诊断时不应忽视，尤其是青少年患者。还需要进一步研究，以确定该病是一种独特的疾病，还是可以按照成人指南进行分期和治疗。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology 医学-耳鼻喉科学

CiteScore

3.20

自引率

6.70%

发文量

276

审稿时长

62 days

期刊介绍： The purpose of the International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology is to concentrate and disseminate information concerning prevention, cure and care of otorhinolaryngological disorders in infants and children due to developmental, degenerative, infectious, neoplastic, traumatic, social, psychiatric and economic causes. The Journal provides a medium for clinical and basic contributions in all of the areas of pediatric otorhinolaryngology. This includes medical and surgical otology, bronchoesophagology, laryngology, rhinology, diseases of the head and neck, and disorders of communication, including voice, speech and language disorders.