Prevalence, Cross Contamination, Virulence, and Multidrug Resistance Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Four Middle-Scale Dairy Farms in Bareilly, Northern India.

IF 1.9 2区农林科学 Q3 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Foodborne pathogens and disease Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI:10.1089/fpd.2024.0076

Javed Ahamad Khan, Iqbal Ahmad, Rubina Gill, Fohad Mabood Husain, Thamer Albalawi, Pravej Alam, Tilahun Kenea, Oda Gizaw, Leena A Neyaz, Khaled Elbanna, Hussein H Abulreesh

{"title":"Prevalence, Cross Contamination, Virulence, and Multidrug Resistance Profiles of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Four Middle-Scale Dairy Farms in Bareilly, Northern India.","authors":"Javed Ahamad Khan, Iqbal Ahmad, Rubina Gill, Fohad Mabood Husain, Thamer Albalawi, Pravej Alam, Tilahun Kenea, Oda Gizaw, Leena A Neyaz, Khaled Elbanna, Hussein H Abulreesh","doi":"10.1089/fpd.2024.0076","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Milk, a nutritious global important food commodity, serves as an excellent medium for microbial growth as well. The foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal member of human microflora that enters the food chain through poor hygienic practices and cross contamination and causes various clinical manifestations in humans. During this study, raw milk and swab samples (milker's hand, udder, towel, milking bucket, and farm floor) were collected from four middle-scale buffalo dairy farms. The results revealed S. aureus presence in 11.6% (n = 56/448) bucket raw milk samples and 2.6% (n = 12/448) udder raw milk samples. Contrarily, S. aureus prevalence was significantly higher in farm floors (100%, n = 84/84), towel (35.7%, n = 10/28), milking bucket (11.6%, n = 56/448), milker's hand (10.7%, n = 3/28), and udder swab samples (4.0%, n = 18/448). The chi-square test yielded p values of 0.000, 0.005, and 0.0011 for udder raw milk, udder swab, and milker's hand swab, respectively. The p values of the milking bucket (p = 0.048) and farm floors (p = 0.0183) confirmed their possible role in S. aureus cross contamination. Gene amplifications of nuclease and enterotoxin A indicate potential virulence of S. aureus isolates in collected samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed multidrug resistance in 44% (n = 239) of S. aureus isolates with the highest resistance of 61% against penicillin. Resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, and lincomycin was observed. Fewer S. aureus isolates were resistant to kanamycin and erythromycin, whereas the lowest number of resistant isolates was observed against chloramphenicol. A high prevalence of S. aureus in the farm environment and milking equipment suggested the cross contamination of potentially enterotoxin-producing and multidrug-resistant S. aureus to raw milk. Therefore, good hygiene practices should be enforced to avoid foodborne and zoonotic infections.","PeriodicalId":12333,"journal":{"name":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Foodborne pathogens and disease","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2024.0076","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Abstract

Milk, a nutritious global important food commodity, serves as an excellent medium for microbial growth as well. The foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is a commensal member of human microflora that enters the food chain through poor hygienic practices and cross contamination and causes various clinical manifestations in humans. During this study, raw milk and swab samples (milker's hand, udder, towel, milking bucket, and farm floor) were collected from four middle-scale buffalo dairy farms. The results revealed S. aureus presence in 11.6% (n = 56/448) bucket raw milk samples and 2.6% (n = 12/448) udder raw milk samples. Contrarily, S. aureus prevalence was significantly higher in farm floors (100%, n = 84/84), towel (35.7%, n = 10/28), milking bucket (11.6%, n = 56/448), milker's hand (10.7%, n = 3/28), and udder swab samples (4.0%, n = 18/448). The chi-square test yielded p values of 0.000, 0.005, and 0.0011 for udder raw milk, udder swab, and milker's hand swab, respectively. The p values of the milking bucket (p = 0.048) and farm floors (p = 0.0183) confirmed their possible role in S. aureus cross contamination. Gene amplifications of nuclease and enterotoxin A indicate potential virulence of S. aureus isolates in collected samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed multidrug resistance in 44% (n = 239) of S. aureus isolates with the highest resistance of 61% against penicillin. Resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, and lincomycin was observed. Fewer S. aureus isolates were resistant to kanamycin and erythromycin, whereas the lowest number of resistant isolates was observed against chloramphenicol. A high prevalence of S. aureus in the farm environment and milking equipment suggested the cross contamination of potentially enterotoxin-producing and multidrug-resistant S. aureus to raw milk. Therefore, good hygiene practices should be enforced to avoid foodborne and zoonotic infections.

查看原文本刊更多论文

印度北部巴雷利四个中型奶牛场金黄色葡萄球菌分离物的流行率、交叉感染、毒性和多重耐药性概况。

牛奶作为一种营养丰富的全球重要食品，也是微生物生长的绝佳媒介。食源性病原体金黄色葡萄球菌是人类微生物区系中的一种共生菌，它通过不良卫生习惯和交叉污染进入食物链，并导致人类出现各种临床表现。本研究从四个中等规模的水牛牧场采集了原奶和拭子样本（挤奶工的手、乳房、毛巾、挤奶桶和牧场地板）。结果显示，11.6%（n = 56/448）桶装生奶样本和 2.6%（n = 12/448）乳房生奶样本中存在金黄色葡萄球菌。相反，在牧场地板（100%，n = 84/84）、毛巾（35.7%，n = 10/28）、挤奶桶（11.6%，n = 56/448）、挤奶工的手（10.7%，n = 3/28）和乳房拭子样本（4.0%，n = 18/448）中，金黄色葡萄球菌的感染率明显较高。通过卡方检验，乳房生乳、乳房拭子和挤奶工手拭子的 p 值分别为 0.000、0.005 和 0.0011。挤奶桶（p = 0.048）和牧场地板（p = 0.0183）的 p 值证实了它们在金黄色葡萄球菌交叉感染中可能扮演的角色。核酸酶和肠毒素 A 的基因扩增表明，采集样本中分离出的金黄色葡萄球菌可能具有毒性。抗生素敏感性测试显示，44%（n = 239）的金黄色葡萄球菌对多种药物具有耐药性，其中对青霉素的耐药性最高，达 61%。对氨苄西林、链霉素和林可霉素也有耐药性。对卡那霉素和红霉素耐药的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株较少，而对氯霉素耐药的分离株数量最少。牧场环境和挤奶设备中金葡菌的高流行率表明，可能会产生肠毒素和耐多药的金葡菌与生奶交叉感染。因此，应实施良好的卫生规范，以避免食源性和人畜共患感染。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

求助全文

约1分钟内获得全文求助全文

来源期刊

Foodborne pathogens and disease 医学-食品科技

CiteScore

5.30

自引率

3.60%

发文量

审稿时长

1 months

期刊介绍： Foodborne Pathogens and Disease is one of the most inclusive scientific publications on the many disciplines that contribute to food safety. Spanning an array of issues from "farm-to-fork," the Journal bridges the gap between science and policy to reduce the burden of foodborne illness worldwide. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease coverage includes: Agroterrorism Safety of organically grown and genetically modified foods Emerging pathogens Emergence of drug resistance Methods and technology for rapid and accurate detection Strategies to destroy or control foodborne pathogens Novel strategies for the prevention and control of plant and animal diseases that impact food safety Biosecurity issues and the implications of new regulatory guidelines Impact of changing lifestyles and consumer demands on food safety.