CRISPR-Cas systems in enterococci.

IF 2.1 4区 生物学 Q3 MICROBIOLOGY
Amanda Seabra Cabral, Fernanda de Freitas Lacerda, Vitor Luis Macena Leite, Filipe Martire de Miranda, Amanda Beiral da Silva, Bárbara Araújo Dos Santos, Jailton Lobo da Costa Lima, Lúcia Martins Teixeira, Felipe Piedade Gonçalves Neves
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Enterococci are members of the microbiota of humans and other animals. They can also be found in the environment, associated with food, healthcare infections, and hospital settings. Due to their wide distribution, they are inserted in the One Health context. The selective pressure caused by the extensive use of antimicrobial agents in humans, animals, and agriculture has increased the frequency of resistance to various drugs among enterococcal species. CRISPR-Cas system, an important prokaryotic defense mechanism against the entry of mobile genetic elements, may prevent the acquisition of genes involved in antimicrobial resistance and virulence. This system has been increasingly used as a gene editing tool, which can be used as a way to recognize and inactivate genes of interest. Here, we conduct a review on CRISPR systems found in enterococci, considering their occurrence, structure and organization, mechanisms of action and use as a genetic engineering technology. Type II-A CRISPR-Cas systems were shown to be the most frequent among enterococcal species, and the orphan CRISPR2 was the most commonly found system (54.1%) among enterococcal species, especially in Enterococcus faecalis. Distribution of CRISPR systems varied among species. CRISPR systems had 1 to 20 spacers, with size between 23 and 37 bp and direct repeat sequences from 25 to 37 bp. Several applications of the CRISPR-Cas biotechnology have been described in enterococci, mostly in vitro, using this editing tool to target resistance- and virulence-related genes.

肠球菌中的 CRISPR-Cas 系统。
肠球菌是人类和其他动物微生物群的成员。它们也存在于环境中,与食物、医疗感染和医院环境有关。由于分布广泛,它们被纳入了 "同一健康 "的范畴。在人类、动物和农业中广泛使用抗菌剂所造成的选择性压力,增加了肠球菌对各种药物产生耐药性的频率。CRISPR-Cas 系统是原核生物抵御移动遗传因子进入的重要防御机制,可防止获得涉及抗菌药耐药性和毒力的基因。该系统已被越来越多地用作基因编辑工具,可用于识别和灭活感兴趣的基因。在此,我们将对在肠球菌中发现的 CRISPR 系统进行综述,考虑它们的出现、结构和组织、作用机制以及作为基因工程技术的用途。研究表明,II-A型CRISPR-Cas系统在肠球菌中最为常见,孤儿CRISPR2是肠球菌中最常见的系统(54.1%),尤其是在粪肠球菌中。CRISPR 系统在不同物种中的分布各不相同。CRISPR 系统有 1 到 20 个间隔,大小在 23 到 37 bp 之间,直接重复序列在 25 到 37 bp 之间。CRISPR-Cas生物技术在肠球菌中的几种应用已得到描述,主要是在体外,利用这种编辑工具靶向抗性和毒力相关基因。
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来源期刊
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 生物-微生物学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
4.50%
发文量
216
审稿时长
1.0 months
期刊介绍: The Brazilian Journal of Microbiology is an international peer reviewed journal that covers a wide-range of research on fundamental and applied aspects of microbiology. The journal considers for publication original research articles, short communications, reviews, and letters to the editor, that may be submitted to the following sections: Biotechnology and Industrial Microbiology, Food Microbiology, Bacterial and Fungal Pathogenesis, Clinical Microbiology, Environmental Microbiology, Veterinary Microbiology, Fungal and Bacterial Physiology, Bacterial, Fungal and Virus Molecular Biology, Education in Microbiology. For more details on each section, please check out the instructions for authors. The journal is the official publication of the Brazilian Society of Microbiology and currently publishes 4 issues per year.
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