Unveiling the Potential of Phytocannabinoids: Exploring Marijuana's Lesser-Known Constituents for Neurological Disorders.

IF 4.8 2区生物学 Q1 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biomolecules Pub Date : 2024-10-13 DOI:10.3390/biom14101296

Balapal S Basavarajappa, Shivakumar Subbanna

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Abstract

Cannabis sativa is known for producing over 120 distinct phytocannabinoids, with Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ⁹-THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) being the most prominent, primarily in their acidic forms. Beyond Δ⁹-THC and CBD, a wide array of lesser-known phytocannabinoids, along with terpenes, flavonoids, and alkaloids, demonstrate diverse pharmacological activities, interacting with the endocannabinoid system (eCB) and other biological pathways. These compounds, characterized by phenolic structures and hydroxyl groups, possess lipophilic properties, allowing them to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively. Notably, their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuro-modulatory effects position them as promising agents in treating neurodegenerative disorders. While research has extensively examined the neuropsychiatric and neuroprotective effects of Δ⁹-THC, other minor phytocannabinoids remain underexplored. Due to the well-established neuroprotective potential of CBD, there is growing interest in the therapeutic benefits of non-psychotropic minor phytocannabinoids (NMPs) in brain disorders. This review highlights the emerging research on these lesser-known compounds and their neuroprotective potential. It offers insights into their therapeutic applications across various major neurological conditions.

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揭示植物大麻素的潜力：探索大麻中治疗神经系统疾病的鲜为人知的成分。

众所周知，大麻可产生 120 多种不同的植物大麻素，其中以Δ9-四氢大麻酚（Δ9-THC）和大麻二酚（CBD）最为突出，主要以酸性形式存在。除了Δ9-四氢大麻酚和大麻二酚之外，还有一系列鲜为人知的植物大麻素，以及萜类、黄酮类和生物碱，它们与内源性大麻素系统（eCB）和其他生物途径相互作用，显示出多种多样的药理活性。这些化合物以酚类结构和羟基为特征，具有亲脂性，能有效穿过血脑屏障（BBB）。值得注意的是，这些化合物具有抗氧化、抗炎和神经调节作用，因此有望成为治疗神经退行性疾病的药物。尽管研究人员已经对Δ9-THC 的神经精神作用和神经保护作用进行了广泛的研究，但对其他次要植物大麻素的研究仍然不足。由于 CBD 具有公认的神经保护潜力，人们对非精神性次要植物大麻素（NMPs）在脑部疾病中的治疗效果越来越感兴趣。本综述重点介绍了有关这些鲜为人知的化合物及其神经保护潜力的新兴研究。综述深入探讨了它们在各种主要神经疾病中的治疗应用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Biomolecules Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology-Molecular Biology

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

3.60%

发文量

1640

审稿时长

18.28 days

期刊介绍： Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X) is an international, peer-reviewed open access journal focusing on biogenic substances and their biological functions, structures, interactions with other molecules, and their microenvironment as well as biological systems. Biomolecules publishes reviews, regular research papers and short communications. Our aim is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results in as much detail as possible. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. The full experimental details must be provided so that the results can be reproduced.