Differential effects of chronic and intermittent administration of taurine on alcohol binge drinking in male rats

Abstract

Episodic consumption of high doses of alcohol in a short period (binge drinking - BD) among adolescents is known to be harmful to their brain development. Chronic use of taurine increases voluntary alcohol consumption and shows an anxiolytic-like effect in rats. In this study, we evaluated the differential effects of chronic and intermittent taurine administration on alcohol consumption and behavioral changes in adolescent and young adult rats subjected to the BD model. Male Wistar rats (35 days old) were divided into 4 groups for daily intraperitoneal administration of saline (SAL); taurine, 100 mg/kg (TAU); taurine on BD days and saline on intervals (TAU/SAL); and saline on BD days and taurine on intervals (SAL/TAU). They were exposed to 4 cycles of BD, with free access to alcoholic solution (20 % w/v), for 2 h, 3 days per week. At the end of the 3rd cycle, anxiety-like behaviors were assessed using the light-dark task. After euthanasia, plasma and prefrontal cortex samples were collected to measure corticosterone and BDNF levels, respectively. Chronic taurine treatment did not alter alcohol consumption in rats, whereas intermittent administration increased alcohol intake after 4 BD exposures (TAU/SAL: +19.4 % and SAL/TAU: +21.6 %). No anxiolytic-like effects were found by taurine administration, nor were there changes in serum corticosterone or BDNF levels in the frontal cortex of young adult rats. Intermittent taurine, but not chronic treatment, increased alcohol intake among rats after the second week of exposure. The translation of these results to humans is concerning since the combination of alcohol and drinks containing taurine is common among adolescent and young adult individuals.