Investigating the potential application of organic and non-organic nanoparticles for gastric cancer treatment: An evidence-based review.

Abstract

Gastric cancer, which is considered a major health concern, is the sixth most frequent cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality across the globe. The present survey aimed to systematically review the anti-gastric cancer effect of all organic and inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) in in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. The investigation followed the PRISMA guidelines, and the findings were recorded in the CAMARADES-NC3Rs Preclinical Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Facility database. A detailed search was conducted on various English databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar, with no specified publication time frame to obtain papers regarding the anti-gastric cancer properties of nanoparticles. The search process was performed using the following terms "Nanoparticles," "Gastric cancer," "Anti-gastric cancer," "Metal nanoparticles," "Organic nanoparticles," "Inorganic nanoparticles, "in vitro," "Clinical," and "in vivo,". Out of 11,189 papers, 31 articles, including 19 (45.5%) in vitro, 3 (13.6%) in vivo, 3 (13.6%) clinical trials, and 6 (27.3%) in vitro/in vivo, up to 2023, met the inclusion criteria for discussion in this systematic review. The most widely used NPs were found to be organic nanoparticles, such as polylactic acid and poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (16, 80.0%), followed by inorganic nanoparticles, such as silver NPs (13, 41.9.0%). This review study highlighted the high anti-gastric cancer potential of a wide range of organic and non-organic NPs through their activity via some mechanisms, such as the induction of apoptosis, gene therapy, and drug delivery. Nonetheless, further studies, especially in clinical settings, are needed to confirm their anti-gastric effects and accurate mechanisms.