Quantifying the potential of evidence-based planting-pattern for reducing the outdoor thermal stress from a bio-meteorological perspective in tropical conditions of Indian cities.

IF 3 3区 地球科学 Q2 BIOPHYSICS
Saurabh Kishore Ojha, Mahua Mukherjee, Ar Richa Raje
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Abstract

The impact of declined natural greenery and increased built surfaces exacerbates heat stress in urban areas causing limited usage of outdoor spaces. Greenery strategies such as trees are capable of mitigating outdoor thermal stress gain because of their phytological properties. While urban greenery guidelines have suggested the ad-hoc procedure of tree planting-schemes based on aesthetic-value, soil-water preservation etc., understanding of their morphological character help in regulating extreme thermal condition. Hence, this study aims to investigate the most efficient planting pattern based on canopies densities and trees clusters for reducing the outdoor thermal stress from bio-meteorological perspective.It initiates with the measurement of the site's morphological and meteorological attributes in existing commercial market of Bhopal City which has a humid sub-tropical climate (Aw, Koppen climate categorization). Furthermore, it leads to the development of 4-different iterated clusters incorporating moderate to high-density canopies and their overlaps pattern to estimate reduction potential in outdoors using field surveys and validated simulation model. The reduction potential in terms of magnitude and duration of thermal stress is quantified across 3-thermal variables i.e., air temperature, mean radiant temperature and universal thermal climate index. Results indicate highly-dense canopies are more effective in reducing greater magnitude of thermal stress along longer duration. Also overlapped planting pattern within the same canopy density does not make significant difference in stress reduction as compared to the changing the densities. This study will help planners and landscape architects to adopt evidence-based planting-pattern strategies for improving outdoor microclimate.

从生物气象学角度量化印度城市热带条件下以证据为基础的种植模式在减少室外热应力方面的潜力。
自然绿化减少和建筑表面增加的影响加剧了城市地区的热应力,导致室外空间的使用受到限制。树木等绿化策略因其植物学特性,能够缓解室外热应力的增加。虽然城市绿化指南建议根据美学价值、水土保持等因素临时制定植树计划,但了解树木的形态特征有助于调节极端热状况。因此,本研究旨在从生物气象学的角度,根据树冠密度和树群研究最有效的种植模式,以减少室外热应力。研究首先测量了博帕尔市现有商业市场的形态和气象属性,博帕尔市属于亚热带湿润气候(Aw, Koppen 气候分类)。此外,该研究还开发了 4 个不同的迭代群组,其中包括中高密度的树冠及其重叠模式,从而利用实地调查和经过验证的模拟模型估算出室外的降雨潜力。通过空气温度、平均辐射温度和通用热气候指数这 3 个热变量,从热应力的大小和持续时间的角度量化了减少热应力的潜力。结果表明,高密度的树冠能更有效地减少更大的热应力,持续时间更长。此外,与改变树冠密度相比,在相同树冠密度下的重叠种植模式在减少压力方面没有显著差异。这项研究将有助于规划师和景观设计师采用以证据为基础的种植模式策略来改善室外微气候。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.40
自引率
9.40%
发文量
183
审稿时长
1 months
期刊介绍: The Journal publishes original research papers, review articles and short communications on studies examining the interactions between living organisms and factors of the natural and artificial atmospheric environment. Living organisms extend from single cell organisms, to plants and animals, including humans. The atmospheric environment includes climate and weather, electromagnetic radiation, and chemical and biological pollutants. The journal embraces basic and applied research and practical aspects such as living conditions, agriculture, forestry, and health. The journal is published for the International Society of Biometeorology, and most membership categories include a subscription to the Journal.
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