Probabilistic health risk assessment of primary aromatic amines in polyamide cooking utensils in China by Monte Carlo simulation

IF 3.9 3区医学 Q2 FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Food and Chemical Toxicology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI:10.1016/j.fct.2024.115067

Haoran Zhang , Daoyuan Yang , Jie Gao , Kai Qian , Hua Zhu , Yan Song , Haixia Sui , Weidong Hao

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

The migration of primary aromatic amines (PAAs) from food contact materials raises significant public health concerns. In this study, the migration levels of 26 PAAs were analyzed in 242 nylon cooking utensils using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 18 PAAs were detected, of which 14 were quantified, with 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane (4,4′-MDA) and aniline being the most prevalent ones. The compliance rates for nylon kitchenware were similar under both legislation of European Commission (76.9%) and Chinese legislation (77.9%). Probabilistic non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risk assessment were conducted using Monte Carlo simulation, with read-across approach applied to fill the gap of toxicity data. The hazard quotients for 18 PAAs were calculated, revealing that 17 PAAs (excluding 4,4′-MDA) had acceptable hazard quotients (<1). Lifetime cancer risks for 17 PAAs were determined, with 15 PAAs (excluding benzidine and 4,4′-MDA) showing acceptable cancer risks (<10⁻⁴). The study suggests that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks posed by PAAs migrating from FCMs can be effectively mitigated by promptly identifying non-compliant products and reducing exposure to high-risk PAAs such as 4,4′-MDA and benzidine. Enhancing the understanding of PAA hazard characterization and implementing measures to minimize health risks associated with PAA migration from FCMs is hence recommended.

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通过蒙特卡罗模拟对中国聚酰胺厨具中的初级芳香胺进行概率健康风险评估。

食品接触材料中芳香族伯胺（PAA）的迁移引起了公众的极大关注。本研究采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析了 242 种尼龙烹饪用具中 26 种 PAAs 的迁移水平。共检测到 18 种 PAAs，其中 14 种被定量，4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷（4,4'-MDA）和苯胺是最常见的 PAAs。尼龙厨具在欧盟委员会法规（76.9%）和中国法规（77.9%）下的达标率相似。采用蒙特卡罗模拟法进行了非致癌和致癌风险的概率评估，并采用了读数交叉法来填补毒性数据的空白。研究计算了 18 种 PAAs 的危害商数，结果显示 17 种 PAAs（不包括 4,4'-MDA ）的危害商数（-4）是可以接受的。研究表明，通过及时发现不符合要求的产品，减少接触 4,4'-MDA 和联苯胺等高风险 PAA，可有效降低从含氟聚合物中迁移的 PAA 带来的非致癌和致癌健康风险。因此，建议加强对 PAA 危害特征的了解，并采取措施最大限度地降低与含氟聚合物中 PAA 迁移有关的健康风险。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Food and Chemical Toxicology 工程技术-毒理学

CiteScore

10.90

自引率

4.70%

发文量

651

审稿时长

31 days

期刊介绍： Food and Chemical Toxicology (FCT), an internationally renowned journal, that publishes original research articles and reviews on toxic effects, in animals and humans, of natural or synthetic chemicals occurring in the human environment with particular emphasis on food, drugs, and chemicals, including agricultural and industrial safety, and consumer product safety. Areas such as safety evaluation of novel foods and ingredients, biotechnologically-derived products, and nanomaterials are included in the scope of the journal. FCT also encourages submission of papers on inter-relationships between nutrition and toxicology and on in vitro techniques, particularly those fostering the 3 Rs. The principal aim of the journal is to publish high impact, scholarly work and to serve as a multidisciplinary forum for research in toxicology. Papers submitted will be judged on the basis of scientific originality and contribution to the field, quality and subject matter. Studies should address at least one of the following: -Adverse physiological/biochemical, or pathological changes induced by specific defined substances -New techniques for assessing potential toxicity, including molecular biology -Mechanisms underlying toxic phenomena -Toxicological examinations of specific chemicals or consumer products, both those showing adverse effects and those demonstrating safety, that meet current standards of scientific acceptability. Authors must clearly and briefly identify what novel toxic effect (s) or toxic mechanism (s) of the chemical are being reported and what their significance is in the abstract. Furthermore, sufficient doses should be included in order to provide information on NOAEL/LOAEL values.