Seiche-Induced Fish Kills in the Sea of Galilee—A Possible Explanation for Biblical Miracles?

IF 4.6 1区 地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES
Yael Amitai, Ehud Strobach, David P. Hamilton, Shmuel Assouline, Ami Nishri, Tamar Zohary
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Abstract

In Lake Kinneret (the biblical Sea of Galilee), Israel, internal waves of significant amplitude are induced by westerly winds. These waves give rise to upwelling into the surface mixed layer of colder, oxygen-depleted water from the hypolimnetic and metalimnetic layers. If upwelling occurs soon after the onset of annual thermal stratification, when surface mixed layer extends over a narrow depth range, but the hypolimnion is already anoxic, there is a potential for massive fish kills as fish cannot escape the anoxic water that intrudes into the surface mixed layer along the western shore. This study uses a coupled three-dimensional atmosphere-lake model to elucidate the mechanisms behind these infrequent major fish kills in Lake Kinneret. Remarkably, nowadays fish-kill events happen at the same location in the lake where the biblical Miracle of Loaves and Fishes and presumably the Miraculous Catch of Fish occurred two millennia before the present and may explain the appearance of large numbers of easy-to-collect fish close to the shore described in the biblical narratives.
加利利海因海潮造成的鱼类死亡--《圣经》奇迹的可能解释?
在以色列的基纳特湖(圣经中的加利利海),西风会引起幅度很大的内波。这些波浪会将来自下渗和金属渗层的较冷、缺氧的水涌入表层混合层。如果上涌发生在年度热分层开始后不久,此时表层混合层延伸的深度范围较窄,但下底层已经缺氧,则有可能造成大量鱼类死亡,因为鱼类无法逃脱沿西海岸侵入表层混合层的缺氧水。本研究利用大气-湖泊三维耦合模型来阐明基纳特湖不常发生的大规模鱼类死亡事件背后的机理。值得注意的是,如今的鱼类死亡事件发生在《圣经》中的 "饼与鱼的奇迹"(Miracle of Loaves and Fishes)以及可能是 "神奇的捕鱼"(Miraculous Catch of Fish)发生在距今两千年前的同一地点,这或许可以解释《圣经》中描述的靠近岸边出现大量易于收集的鱼类的原因。
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来源期刊
Water Resources Research
Water Resources Research 环境科学-湖沼学
CiteScore
8.80
自引率
13.00%
发文量
599
审稿时长
3.5 months
期刊介绍: Water Resources Research (WRR) is an interdisciplinary journal that focuses on hydrology and water resources. It publishes original research in the natural and social sciences of water. It emphasizes the role of water in the Earth system, including physical, chemical, biological, and ecological processes in water resources research and management, including social, policy, and public health implications. It encompasses observational, experimental, theoretical, analytical, numerical, and data-driven approaches that advance the science of water and its management. Submissions are evaluated for their novelty, accuracy, significance, and broader implications of the findings.
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