Tungsten Oxide-Based Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion

Abstract

The advancement of cutting-edge energy conversion technologies offers significant potential for addressing environmental challenges, enhancing energy security, improving economic competitiveness, and promoting resource conservation. This progress necessitates the development of advanced electrocatalysts. WO_x demonstrates high intrinsic catalytic activity, excellent conductivity, an abundance of active sites, and remarkable stability, positioning it as a promising candidate for electrocatalytic reactions. Recently, there has been swift advancement in the development of WO_x-based catalysts for various energy-conversion reactions. This review provides a thorough summary of recent developments in WO_x-based catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions, emphasizing their multifunctional roles as active species, electron-transfer carriers, hydrogen spillover carriers, and microenvironment regulators. Moreover, it highlights the applications of WO_x-based catalysts across different electrocatalytic reactions, with particular focus on the structure-activity relationship. Finally, the review discusses the challenges and future directions of these technologies, as well as key research areas necessary for achieving large-scale applications.