{"title":"Recrystallizing Sputtered NiOx for Improved Hole Extraction in Perovskite/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells","authors":"Yongbin Jin, Huiping Feng, Yingji Li, Hong Zhang, Xuelin Chen, Yawen Zhong, Qinghua Zeng, Jiarong Huang, Yalian Weng, Jinxin Yang, Chengbo Tian, Jinyan Zhang, Liqiang Xie, Zhanhua Wei","doi":"10.1002/aenm.202403911","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Sputtering nickel oxide (NiO<i><sub>x</sub></i>) is a production-line-compatible route for depositing hole transport layers (HTL) in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, this technique often results in films with low crystallinity and structural flaws, which can impair electronic conductivity. Additionally, the complex surface chemistry and inadequate Ni<sup>3+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> ratio impede the effective binding of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), affecting hole extraction at the perovskite/HTL interface. Herein, these issues are addressed using a recrystallization strategy by treating sputtered NiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> thin films with sodium periodate (NaIO<sub>4</sub>), an industrially available oxidant. This treatment improved crystallinity and increased the Ni<sup>3+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> ratio, resulting in a higher content of nickel oxyhydroxide. These enhancements strengthened the SAM's anchoring capability on NiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> and improved the hole extraction at the perovskite/HTL interface. Moreover, the NaIO<sub>4</sub> treatment facilitated Na<sup>+</sup> diffusion within the perovskite layer and minimized phase separation, thus improving device stability. As a result, single-junction perovskite solar cells with a 1.68 eV bandgap achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.22% for an area of 0.12 cm<sup>2</sup>. Perovskite/silicon tandem cells with an area of 1 cm<sup>2</sup> reached a PCE of 30.48%. Encapsulated tandem devices retained 95% of their initial PCE after 300 h of maximum power point tracking under 1-sun illumination at 25 °C.","PeriodicalId":111,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Energy Materials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":24.4000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Advanced Energy Materials","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.202403911","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Sputtering nickel oxide (NiOx) is a production-line-compatible route for depositing hole transport layers (HTL) in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. However, this technique often results in films with low crystallinity and structural flaws, which can impair electronic conductivity. Additionally, the complex surface chemistry and inadequate Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio impede the effective binding of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), affecting hole extraction at the perovskite/HTL interface. Herein, these issues are addressed using a recrystallization strategy by treating sputtered NiOx thin films with sodium periodate (NaIO4), an industrially available oxidant. This treatment improved crystallinity and increased the Ni3+/Ni2+ ratio, resulting in a higher content of nickel oxyhydroxide. These enhancements strengthened the SAM's anchoring capability on NiOx and improved the hole extraction at the perovskite/HTL interface. Moreover, the NaIO4 treatment facilitated Na+ diffusion within the perovskite layer and minimized phase separation, thus improving device stability. As a result, single-junction perovskite solar cells with a 1.68 eV bandgap achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.22% for an area of 0.12 cm2. Perovskite/silicon tandem cells with an area of 1 cm2 reached a PCE of 30.48%. Encapsulated tandem devices retained 95% of their initial PCE after 300 h of maximum power point tracking under 1-sun illumination at 25 °C.
期刊介绍:
Established in 2011, Advanced Energy Materials is an international, interdisciplinary, English-language journal that focuses on materials used in energy harvesting, conversion, and storage. It is regarded as a top-quality journal alongside Advanced Materials, Advanced Functional Materials, and Small.
With a 2022 Impact Factor of 27.8, Advanced Energy Materials is considered a prime source for the best energy-related research. The journal covers a wide range of topics in energy-related research, including organic and inorganic photovoltaics, batteries and supercapacitors, fuel cells, hydrogen generation and storage, thermoelectrics, water splitting and photocatalysis, solar fuels and thermosolar power, magnetocalorics, and piezoelectronics.
The readership of Advanced Energy Materials includes materials scientists, chemists, physicists, and engineers in both academia and industry. The journal is indexed in various databases and collections, such as Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database, FIZ Karlsruhe, INSPEC (IET), Science Citation Index Expanded, Technology Collection, and Web of Science, among others.