[Management of anticoagulant-related soft tissue bleeding].

Abstract

Background and objective: Spontaneous, severe, and life-threatening soft tissue bleeding (STB) in patients taking anticoagulants is associated with high morbidity and mortality due to the substantial blood loss and nonspecific clinical symptoms. The optimal management of these predominantly older patients with multiple comorbidities has not yet been unanimously clarified.

Materials and methods: This work comprises a literature search and analysis of the pertinent retrospective studies and case series.

Results: Structured diagnostic workup with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is essential for planning transarterial embolization (TAE). Contrast agent extravasation, the signal flare phenomenon, and the hematocrit effect are all indicative of active bleeding or an anticoagulant-related hematoma. For TAE, coils, particles, and liquid embolic agents can be used alone or in combination. A back door/front door embolization should be strived for.

Conclusion: Transarterial embolization is the method of choice for managing anticoagulant-related localized or diffuse spontaneous soft tissue bleeding in the context of hemodynamic stabilization of the patient.