The Influence of Climate Change on Vector-Borne Diseases in a Wilderness Medicine Context.

IF 1.4 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
Jonas E Mertens
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Abstract

The imminent climate crisis has been labeled as the biggest health threat humanity must deal with. Vector-borne disease distribution and transmission as well as the population at risk are influenced to a great degree by environmental and climactic factors affecting both the vectors themselves and the causative pathogens. Paired with an increase in worldwide travel, urbanization, and globalization, along with population displacements and migration, elucidating the effects of anthropogenic climate change on these illnesses is therefore of the essence to stave off potential negative sequelae. Outcomes on different vector-borne diseases will be diverse, but for many of them, these developments will result in a distribution shift or expansion with the possibility of (re-)introduction of vector and pathogen species in previously nonendemic areas. The consequence will be a growing likelihood for novel human, vector, and pathogen interactions with an increased risk for infection, morbidity, and mortality. Wilderness medicine professionals commonly work in close relationship to the natural environment and therefore will experience these alterations most strongly in their practice. Hence, this article attempts to bring awareness to the subject at hand in a wilderness medicine context, with a focus on malaria, the most burdensome of arthropod-borne diseases. For prevention of the potentially dire consequences on human health induced by climate change, concerted and intensified efforts to reduce the burning of fossil fuels and thus greenhouse gas emissions will be imperative on a global scale.

气候变化对荒野医学背景下病媒传播疾病的影响。
迫在眉睫的气候危机已被视为人类必须应对的最大健康威胁。病媒传播疾病的分布和传播以及高危人群在很大程度上受到环境和气候因素的影响,这些因素既影响病媒本身,也影响致病病原体。随着全球旅行、城市化和全球化的增加,以及人口流离失所和迁移,阐明人为气候变化对这些疾病的影响对于避免潜在的负面后遗症至关重要。对不同病媒传播疾病的影响将是多种多样的,但对其中许多疾病而言,这些发展将导致分布的转移或扩大,病媒和病原体物种有可能(重新)引入以前的非流行地区。其后果是,人类、病媒和病原体之间发生新的相互作用的可能性将越来越大,从而增加感染、发病和死亡的风险。野外医疗专业人员的工作通常与自然环境密切相关,因此在实践中会最强烈地感受到这些变化。因此,本文试图在野外医疗的背景下引起人们对这一问题的关注,重点是疟疾--节肢动物传播疾病中负担最重的一种。为了防止气候变化对人类健康造成潜在的严重后果,全球范围内必须齐心协力,加大力度,减少化石燃料的燃烧,从而减少温室气体的排放。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine
Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 医学-公共卫生、环境卫生与职业卫生
CiteScore
2.10
自引率
7.10%
发文量
96
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Wilderness & Environmental Medicine, the official journal of the Wilderness Medical Society, is the leading journal for physicians practicing medicine in austere environments. This quarterly journal features articles on all aspects of wilderness medicine, including high altitude and climbing, cold- and heat-related phenomena, natural environmental disasters, immersion and near-drowning, diving, and barotrauma, hazardous plants/animals/insects/marine animals, animal attacks, search and rescue, ethical and legal issues, aeromedial transport, survival physiology, medicine in remote environments, travel medicine, operational medicine, and wilderness trauma management. It presents original research and clinical reports from scientists and practitioners around the globe. WEM invites submissions from authors who want to take advantage of our established publication''s unique scope, wide readership, and international recognition in the field of wilderness medicine. Its readership is a diverse group of medical and outdoor professionals who choose WEM as their primary wilderness medical resource.
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