Grass leaf structural and stomatal trait responses to climate gradients assessed over the 20th century and across the Great Plains, USA.

IF 4.6 Q2 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS

ACS Applied Bio Materials Pub Date : 2024-09-26 eCollection Date: 2024-10-01 DOI:10.1093/aobpla/plae055

Ryan C Donnelly, Jesse B Nippert, Emily R Wedel, Carolyn J Ferguson

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Abstract. Using herbarium specimens spanning 133 years and field-collected measurements, we assessed intraspecific trait (leaf structural and stomatal) variability from grass species in the Great Plains of North America. We focused on two widespread, closely related grasses from the tribe Paniceae: Dichanthelium oligosanthes subsp. scribnerianum (C₃) and Panicum virgatum (C₄). Thirty-one specimens per taxon were sampled from local herbaria from the years 1887 to 2013 to assess trait responses across time to changes in atmospheric [CO₂] and growing season precipitation and temperature. In 2021 and 2022, the species were measured from eight grasslands sites to explore how traits vary spatially across natural continental precipitation and temperature gradients. Δ¹³C increased with atmospheric [CO₂] for D. oligosanthes but decreased for P. virgatum, likely linked to increases in precipitation in the study region over the past century. Notably, this is the first record of decreasing Δ¹³C over time for a C₄ species illustrating ¹³C linkages to climate. As atmospheric [CO₂] increased, C:N increased and δ¹⁵N decreased for both species and %N decreased for D. oligosanthes. Across a large precipitation gradient, D. oligosanthes leaf traits were more responsive to changes in precipitation than those of P. virgatum. In contrast, only two traits of P. virgatum responded to increases in temperature across a gradient: specific leaf area (increase) and leaf dry matter content (decrease). The only shared significant trend between species was increased C:N with precipitation. Our work demonstrates that these closely related grass species with different photosynthetic pathways exhibited various trait responses across temporal and spatial scales, illustrating the key role of scale of inquiry for forecasting leaf trait responses to future environmental change.

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美国大平原 20 世纪草叶结构和气孔特征对气候梯度的响应评估。

摘要利用标本馆中跨越 133 年的标本和野外采集的测量数据，我们评估了北美大平原禾本科物种的种内性状（叶片结构和气孔）变异性。我们重点研究了两种广泛分布、亲缘关系密切的禾本科植物：Dichanthelium oligosanthes subsp. scribnerianum（C3）和Panicum virgatum（C4）。从 1887 年到 2013 年，每个类群从当地标本馆采样 31 份标本，以评估不同时期对大气[CO2]、生长季降水量和温度变化的性状反应。2021 年和 2022 年，在 8 个草原地点对物种进行了测量，以探索性状在自然大陆降水和温度梯度上的空间变化。D. oligosanthes的Δ13C随大气中[CO2]的增加而增加，但P. virgatum的Δ13C则随大气中[CO2]的减少而减少，这可能与过去一个世纪研究地区降水量的增加有关。值得注意的是，这是 C4 物种Δ13C 随时间推移而下降的首个记录，说明了 13C 与气候的联系。随着大气[CO2]的增加，这两个物种的C:N增加，δ15N减少，而D. oligosanthes的%N减少。在一个较大的降水梯度上，寡毛地黄叶片性状对降水变化的反应要强于毛地黄叶片性状对降水变化的反应。与此相反，在整个梯度上，仅有两种叶片性状对温度升高有反应：比叶面积（增加）和叶片干物质含量（减少）。物种间唯一共同的显著趋势是随着降水量的增加，C:N 也随之增加。我们的研究表明，这些具有不同光合作用途径的近缘禾本科物种在不同的时间和空间尺度上表现出不同的性状反应，说明了调查尺度在预测叶片性状对未来环境变化的反应中的关键作用。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

ACS Applied Bio Materials Chemistry-Chemistry (all)

CiteScore

9.40

自引率

2.10%

发文量

464