Mapping Multilevel Contributions to the Sexual Victimization of Trans Women and Trans Feminine People: A Qualitative Intersectional Stigma Analysis.

IF 1.4 4区 心理学 Q3 FAMILY STUDIES
Danielle S Berke, Maiya Hotchkiss, Ash M Smith, Craig Gilbert
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Abstract

We aimed to characterize and conceptually organize multilevel factors associated with the sexual victimization experiences of trans women and trans feminine people to advance violence prevention interventions for health-equity. Between October 2020 and July 2021, we conducted in-depth interviews with 17 expert informants in New York City, which we transcribed, coded, and analyzed. Qualitative insights were derived through an intensive, team-based iterative coding strategy resulting in the development of an exhaustive set of consensus codes which were organized and interpreted in a multi-level structure. Findings revealed a complex constellation of intersecting macro- and micro-structural mechanisms reinforcing sexual violence. Unique characteristics of this violence were characterized hierarchically in terms of: 1) violence forms (e.g. murder, fetishization), 2) perpetrators (e. g. safety-staff; group assault), 3) contexts (e.g. public accommodations), 4) functions (e.g. gender policing), 5) ideological reinforcers (e.g. transphobia, racism), and 6) structural reinforcers (e.g. legislation; linking access to material means of survival to poverty/illness). Results indicate that acute incidents of sexual victimization are "the tip of the iceberg" of the violence impacting trans communities. The community experts we interviewed (e.g. trans women, violence prevention practitioners, social workers) understand chronic functional, ideological, and structural oppression as inextricable from sexual violence. Multi-level determinants of violence therefore constitute essential targets of sexual violence prevention intervention for this population.

绘制变性妇女和变性女性遭受性侵害的多层面原因图:定性交叉污名分析》。
我们旨在描述与变性妇女和变性女性遭受性侵害经历相关的多层次因素,并从概念上对这些因素进行整理,以推进预防暴力的干预措施,实现健康平等。2020 年 10 月至 2021 年 7 月期间,我们在纽约市对 17 位专家信息提供者进行了深入访谈,并对访谈内容进行了转录、编码和分析。通过以团队为基础的密集迭代编码策略,我们形成了一套详尽的共识编码,并以多层次结构对其进行了组织和解释。研究结果表明,宏观和微观结构相互交织的机制形成了一个复杂的组合,强化了性暴力。这种暴力的独特特征被分级描述为以下几个方面1) 暴力形式(如谋杀、恋物癖);2) 施暴者(如安全人员;群殴);3) 背景(如公共场所);4) 功能(如性别警务);5) 意识形态强化因素(如变性恐惧症、种族主义);6) 结构强化因素(如立法;将获得物质生存手段与贫穷/疾病挂钩)。结果表明,严重的性侵害事件只是影响跨性别群体的暴力事件的 "冰山一角"。我们采访的社区专家(如变性妇女、暴力预防工作者、社会工作者)认为,长期的功能性、意识形态和结构性压迫与性暴力密不可分。因此,多层次的暴力决定因素构成了对这一人群进行性暴力预防干预的基本目标。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.20
自引率
10.50%
发文量
38
期刊介绍: The Journal of Child Sexual Abuse is interdisciplinary and provides an essential interface for researchers, academicians, attorneys, clinicians, and practitioners. The journal advocates for increased networking in the sexual abuse field, greater dissemination of information and research, a higher priority for this international epidemic, and development of effective assessment, intervention, and prevention programs. Divided into sections to provide clear information, the journal covers research issues, clinical issues, legal issues, prevention programs, case studies, and brief reports, focusing on three subject groups - child and adolescent victims of sexual abuse or incest, adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse or incest, and sexual abuse or incest offenders.
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