Serological and molecular analysis of Leishmania infection in a recent outbreak of visceral leishmaniasis in South Omo Zone, Ethiopia.

IF 16.4 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Accounts of Chemical Research Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1093/trstmh/trae075

Habtamu Belay, Endawek Eyelachew, Ebise Abose, Esayas Aklilu, Gashaw Gebrewold, Henok Tadesse, Alemayehu Tadese, Robel Belay, Mahlet Belachew, Saskia van Henten, Tesfahun Bishaw, Nigus Manaye, Zeyede Kebede, Mesfin Wossen, Gemechu Tadese, Geremew Tasew, Johan van Griensven, Myrthe Pareyn, Berhanu Erko, Adugna Abera

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Abstract

Background: Ethiopia has a high burden of visceral leishmaniasis. Recently, there was a significant increase in cases in the South Omo Zone. This study aims to assess the prevalence of Leishmania donovani infection and its associated factors.

Methods: A household-based cross-sectional study was carried out in January 2023 in the South Omo Zone in Ethiopia. Dried blood spot samples were collected from 382 randomly selected study participants. Direct agglutination test (DAT) and kinetoplast DNA real-time PCR tests were performed to detect L. donovani infection. Participants' sociodemographic, clinical and risk factors for L. donovani infection data were collected using questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the data. Febrile cases were checked for malaria with a multiplex PCR assay.

Results: Overall prevalence of L. donovani infection among the sampled population was 32.5% (n=124), of which 41.1% (n=51) was detected by PCR, 33.9% (n=42) by DAT and 25.0% (n=31) by both tests. The majority of the positives were from the Logira (28.2%; n=35) and Dilbayne (29.0%; n=36) villages. Participants residing in Logira (adjusted OR [AOR]: 5.80; 95% CI 1.85 to 18.15) and Dilbayne (AOR: 3.38; 95% CI 1.15 to 9.96) villages and owning cows (AOR: 2.31; 95% CI 1.03 to 5.15) showed an association with Leishmania infection. Plasmodium falciparum was detected in 3.4% (n=2) of 59 febrile participants.

Conclusions: The prevalence of L. donovani infection in the South Omo Zone is high. Further research on the role of cows in the transmission cycle is needed to design the best strategy to control Leishmania infection in the South Omo Zone. Such interventions should focus on the Logira and Dilbayne villages, where most of the infections were identified.

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埃塞俄比亚南奥莫区最近爆发的内脏利什曼病中利什曼病感染的血清学和分子分析。

背景：埃塞俄比亚的内脏利什曼病发病率很高。最近，南奥莫区的病例明显增加。本研究旨在评估多诺万利什曼病感染率及其相关因素：方法：2023 年 1 月，在埃塞俄比亚南奥莫区开展了一项基于家庭的横断面研究。从随机抽取的 382 名研究参与者中采集了干血斑样本。通过直接凝集试验（DAT）和核原体 DNA 实时 PCR 检测唐诺瓦尼氏菌感染情况。通过问卷调查收集了参与者的社会人口学、临床和唐诺瓦尼氏菌感染风险因素数据。采用二元和多元逻辑回归分析数据。对发热病例采用多重 PCR 检测法进行疟疾检查：结果：采样人群中唐诺瓦尼氏菌感染率为 32.5%（n=124），其中 41.1%（n=51）通过 PCR 检测，33.9%（n=42）通过 DAT 检测，25.0%（n=31）通过两种检测方法检测。大多数阳性者来自洛吉拉村（28.2%；n=35）和迪尔巴因村（29.0%；n=36）。居住在 Logira 村（调整 OR [AOR]：5.80；95% CI 1.85 至 18.15）和 Dilbayne 村（AOR：3.38；95% CI 1.15 至 9.96）且拥有奶牛（AOR：2.31；95% CI 1.03 至 5.15）的参与者与利什曼原虫感染有关。在 59 名发热参与者中，3.4%（2 人）检测到恶性疟原虫：结论：南奥莫区利什曼原虫感染率很高。需要进一步研究奶牛在传播循环中的作用，以制定控制南奥莫区利什曼病感染的最佳策略。此类干预措施应侧重于洛吉拉和迪尔巴因村，因为在这两个村发现的感染病例最多。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Accounts of Chemical Research 化学-化学综合

CiteScore

31.40

自引率

1.10%

发文量

312

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Accounts of Chemical Research presents short, concise and critical articles offering easy-to-read overviews of basic research and applications in all areas of chemistry and biochemistry. These short reviews focus on research from the author’s own laboratory and are designed to teach the reader about a research project. In addition, Accounts of Chemical Research publishes commentaries that give an informed opinion on a current research problem. Special Issues online are devoted to a single topic of unusual activity and significance. Accounts of Chemical Research replaces the traditional article abstract with an article "Conspectus." These entries synopsize the research affording the reader a closer look at the content and significance of an article. Through this provision of a more detailed description of the article contents, the Conspectus enhances the article's discoverability by search engines and the exposure for the research.