Organellar genome dynamics of exogenous stages of Eimeria tenella.

IF 3 2区 医学 Q1 PARASITOLOGY
Perryn S Kruth, Taylor Lane, John R Barta
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Abstract

Background: Coccidia are a group of intracellular protozoal parasites within the phylum Apicomplexa. Eimeria tenella, one of the species that cause intestinal coccidiosis in poultry, can cause significant mortality and morbidity. Diploid oocysts of Eimeria species are shed in the feces of an infected host and must sporulate to achieve infectivity. This process results in eight haploid infectious units, called sporozoites, held within a single oocyst. Each Eimeria spp. parasite possesses a single apicoplast and a single mitochondrion, both of which carry multiple copies of their respective organellar genomes. Reports of copy numbers of organellar genomes have varied widely.

Methods: We report the application of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), supported by next-generation sequencing, for the quantification of the extranuclear genomes relative to the nuclear genome over the course of sporulation and following its completion.

Results: At 64 elapsed hours, 93.0% of oocysts were fully sporulated; no increase in percent sporulation was observed after this time. Apicoplast relative genome copy number showed several significant shifts up to 72 elapsed hours, after which no significant shifts were observed. Oocysts were shed with approximately 60% the amount of apicoplast DNA present at 72 h, after which point no significant shifts in apicoplast genome relative abundance occurred. Mitogenome relative copy number showed only two significant shifts, from 16 to 24 elapsed hours and from 24 to 32 elapsed hours. Oocysts were shed with approximately 28% the amount of mitochondrial DNA that was present at the time sporulation was deemed morphologically complete, at 64 elapsed hours.

Conclusions: The characterization of the dynamics of genome abundance in exogenous stages sheds new light on the basic biology of Eimeria spp. and supports the use of extranuclear targets for molecular modes of parasite quantification and identification with improved sensitivity and accuracy.

天牛埃默氏菌外源阶段的细胞器基因组动态。
背景:球虫是原生动物门中的一类细胞内寄生虫。天牛埃默氏菌是导致家禽肠球虫病的一种,可造成严重的死亡和发病。埃默氏菌的二倍体卵囊随受感染宿主的粪便排出,必须通过孢子化才能实现感染。这一过程会在单个卵囊中产生 8 个单倍体感染单位,称为孢子虫。每只艾美耳属寄生虫都有一个单细胞和一个线粒体,两者都携带各自细胞器基因组的多个拷贝。关于细胞器基因组拷贝数的报告差异很大:方法:我们报告了在新一代测序技术的支持下,应用定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)对孢子发生过程中和孢子发生结束后相对于核基因组的核外基因组进行量化的结果:结果:64 小时后,93.0% 的卵囊完全孢子化;此后,孢子化率没有增加。表皮细胞相对基因组拷贝数在 72 小时内出现了几次明显的变化,之后没有观察到明显的变化。72 小时后,卵囊脱落时的顶体 DNA 量约为现有顶体 DNA 量的 60%,此后顶体基因组相对丰度没有发生明显变化。有丝分裂基因组的相对拷贝数只出现了两次明显的变化,一次是从 16 小时到 24 小时,另一次是从 24 小时到 32 小时。卵囊脱落时的线粒体 DNA 数量约为孢子形态学上认为完全脱落时(64 小时)线粒体 DNA 数量的 28%:外源阶段基因组丰度的动态特征揭示了艾美耳菌属的基本生物学特性,并支持使用核外目标进行寄生虫定量和鉴定的分子模式,提高了灵敏度和准确性。
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来源期刊
Parasites & Vectors
Parasites & Vectors 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
9.40%
发文量
433
审稿时长
1.4 months
期刊介绍: Parasites & Vectors is an open access, peer-reviewed online journal dealing with the biology of parasites, parasitic diseases, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens. Manuscripts published in this journal will be available to all worldwide, with no barriers to access, immediately following acceptance. However, authors retain the copyright of their material and may use it, or distribute it, as they wish. Manuscripts on all aspects of the basic and applied biology of parasites, intermediate hosts, vectors and vector-borne pathogens will be considered. In addition to the traditional and well-established areas of science in these fields, we also aim to provide a vehicle for publication of the rapidly developing resources and technology in parasite, intermediate host and vector genomics and their impacts on biological research. We are able to publish large datasets and extensive results, frequently associated with genomic and post-genomic technologies, which are not readily accommodated in traditional journals. Manuscripts addressing broader issues, for example economics, social sciences and global climate change in relation to parasites, vectors and disease control, are also welcomed.
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