Yu-Hua Zheng, Erika Carter, Shiqiang Zou, Clinton F Williams, Alex T Chow, Huan Chen
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引用次数: 0
Abstract
The adsorption process, known for its cost-effectiveness and high efficiency, has been extensively investigated at the laboratory scale for removing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from non-conventional irrigation water. However, a syringe filtration step is commonly used when quantifying PFAS removal during this adsorption process, potentially leading to PFAS retention onto the filters and an overestimate of adsorption removal efficiency. Here, we assessed the retention of three prevalent PFAS (i.e., perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA], perfluorooctane sulfonic acid [PFOS], and perfluorobutanoic acid [PFBA]) on six syringe filters. When filtering distilled deionized water spiked with 1 µg/L and 100 µg/L of each PFAS, we observed the highest and lowest PFAS recovery percentages by mixed cellulose ester (MCE) (0.20 µm, 25 mm; 97 ± 11%, 101 ± 4.8%) and polytetrafluoroethylene (0.45 µm, 13 mm; 61 ± 37%, 80 ± 28%), respectively. Under the initial concentration of 1 µg/L and 100 µg/L, PFOS had recovery percentages of 55 ± 25% and 68 ± 24%, significantly lower than 96 ± 12% and 99 ± 5% for PFOA and 95 ± 8% and 97 ± 4% for PFBA, highlighting the importance of PFAS functional groups. PFAS recovery percentage increased with filtration volume in the order of 80 ± 28% (1 mL) < 85 ± 21% (5 mL) < 90 ± 18% (10 mL). Using MCE to filter treated municipal wastewater spiked with 1 µg/L and 100 µg/L of each PFAS, we found recovery percentages >90% for all three PFAS. Our study underscores the significance of syringe filter selection and potential overestimate of PFAS removal efficacy by the lab-scale adsorption processes.
期刊介绍:
Articles in JEQ cover various aspects of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, including agricultural, terrestrial, atmospheric, and aquatic systems, with emphasis on the understanding of underlying processes. To be acceptable for consideration in JEQ, a manuscript must make a significant contribution to the advancement of knowledge or toward a better understanding of existing concepts. The study should define principles of broad applicability, be related to problems over a sizable geographic area, or be of potential interest to a representative number of scientists. Emphasis is given to the understanding of underlying processes rather than to monitoring.
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