Unveiling exosomes: Cutting-edge isolation techniques and their therapeutic potential

IF 5.3
Farnaz Sani, Faezeh Shafiei, Farshad Dehghani, Yasaman Mohammadi, Mohammadhossein Khorraminejad-Shirazi, Abbas Fazel Anvari-Yazdi, Zahra Moayedfard, Negar Azarpira, Mahsa Sani
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Exosomes are one type of nanosized membrane vesicles with an endocytic origin. They are secreted by almost all cell types and play diverse functional roles. It is essential for research purposes to differentiate exosomes from microvesicles and isolate them from other components in a fluid sample or cell culture medium. Exosomes are important mediators in cell–cell communication. They deliver their cargos, such as mRNA transcripts, microRNA, lipids, cytosolic and membrane proteins and enzymes, to target cells with or without physical connections between cells. They are highly heterogeneous in size, and their biological functions can vary depending on the cell type, their ability to interact with recipient cells and transport their contents, and the environment in which they are produced. This review summarized the recent progress in exosome isolation and characterization techniques. Moreover, we review the therapeutic approaches, biological functions of exosomes in disease progression, tumour metastasis regulation, immune regulation and some ongoing clinical trials.

Abstract Image

揭开外泌体的神秘面纱:尖端分离技术及其治疗潜力。
外泌体是一种起源于内细胞的纳米级膜囊泡。几乎所有类型的细胞都会分泌外泌体,并发挥不同的功能作用。为了研究目的,必须将外泌体与微囊泡区分开来,并从液体样本或细胞培养基中的其他成分中分离出来。外泌体是细胞间交流的重要媒介。无论细胞之间是否有物理连接,它们都会将其载体,如 mRNA 转录本、microRNA、脂质、细胞膜蛋白质和酶,输送到目标细胞。它们的大小差异很大,其生物功能也因细胞类型、与受体细胞相互作用和运输其内容物的能力以及产生它们的环境而异。本综述总结了外泌体分离和表征技术的最新进展。此外,我们还综述了治疗方法、外泌体在疾病进展、肿瘤转移调控、免疫调节中的生物功能以及一些正在进行的临床试验。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
CiteScore
11.50
自引率
0.00%
发文量
0
期刊介绍: The Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine serves as a bridge between physiology and cellular medicine, as well as molecular biology and molecular therapeutics. With a 20-year history, the journal adopts an interdisciplinary approach to showcase innovative discoveries. It publishes research aimed at advancing the collective understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying diseases. The journal emphasizes translational studies that translate this knowledge into therapeutic strategies. Being fully open access, the journal is accessible to all readers.
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