Unveiling SmearOFF Efficacy in Smear Layer Removal through Ultrasonic Activation Examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy.

IF 3 Q3 MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS
International Journal of Biomaterials Pub Date : 2024-09-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.1155/2024/8188413
Hidayat Ababakr Khudhur, Diyar Khalid Bakr, Niaz Hamaghareeb Hamasaeed, Sazan Sherdl Saleem, Sohela Fakher Mahdi, Hozan Farid Tawfiq
{"title":"Unveiling SmearOFF Efficacy in Smear Layer Removal through Ultrasonic Activation Examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy.","authors":"Hidayat Ababakr Khudhur, Diyar Khalid Bakr, Niaz Hamaghareeb Hamasaeed, Sazan Sherdl Saleem, Sohela Fakher Mahdi, Hozan Farid Tawfiq","doi":"10.1155/2024/8188413","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A layer of smear that coats the walls of root canals is produced by root canal instrumentation, which could be unfavorable to endodontic therapy. The endodontic irrigant SmearOFF is designed to effectively remove both the smear layer and bacteria concurrently. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of SmearOFF and 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer across the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of root canals. Sixty-four single-canal mandibular premolar roots were chosen. Two irrigant protocols were separated into two sets of thirty-two teeth, respectively, Group 1 (6% NaOCL/SmearOFF) and Group 2 (6% NaOCl/17% EDTA.) Until X2, the ProtaperNext rotary system (Dentsply, Maillefer, Switzerland), with a COXO C-SMART Endomotor (Foshan COXO Medical instrument Co., Ltd., China) was utilized for the shaping of all teeth, the equipment settings were tuned to 300 revolutions per minute (rpm) and a torque of 3 Newton-centimeters (Ncm). Before applying the final irrigants, an initial irrigation with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was performed using a 27-G side-vented needle. An ultrasonic gadget, EndoUltra, was utilized to activate the irrigation. After that, the determination of how well the proposed solutions worked on the prepared teeth was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. The mean smear layer scores were lower in all three regions (coronal, middle, and apical) using 17% EDTA in comparison with the samples treated with SmearOFF. Despite that, there were no significant differences between G1, 6% NaOCL/SmearOFF and G2, 6% NaOCL/17% EDTA in smear layer removal according to Kruskal-Wallis tests and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i>-tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Considering the findings of this investigation, both 17% EDTA and SmearOFF serve as chelating agents, demonstrating the capability to effectively remove the smear layer. This process is facilitated with the assistance of passive ultrasonic irrigation at intervals of every third of the root canal.</p>","PeriodicalId":13704,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biomaterials","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11479784/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Biomaterials","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8188413","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/1 0:00:00","PubModel":"eCollection","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Abstract

A layer of smear that coats the walls of root canals is produced by root canal instrumentation, which could be unfavorable to endodontic therapy. The endodontic irrigant SmearOFF is designed to effectively remove both the smear layer and bacteria concurrently. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the efficacy of SmearOFF and 17% EDTA in removing the smear layer across the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of root canals. Sixty-four single-canal mandibular premolar roots were chosen. Two irrigant protocols were separated into two sets of thirty-two teeth, respectively, Group 1 (6% NaOCL/SmearOFF) and Group 2 (6% NaOCl/17% EDTA.) Until X2, the ProtaperNext rotary system (Dentsply, Maillefer, Switzerland), with a COXO C-SMART Endomotor (Foshan COXO Medical instrument Co., Ltd., China) was utilized for the shaping of all teeth, the equipment settings were tuned to 300 revolutions per minute (rpm) and a torque of 3 Newton-centimeters (Ncm). Before applying the final irrigants, an initial irrigation with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was performed using a 27-G side-vented needle. An ultrasonic gadget, EndoUltra, was utilized to activate the irrigation. After that, the determination of how well the proposed solutions worked on the prepared teeth was conducted by scanning electron microscopy. The mean smear layer scores were lower in all three regions (coronal, middle, and apical) using 17% EDTA in comparison with the samples treated with SmearOFF. Despite that, there were no significant differences between G1, 6% NaOCL/SmearOFF and G2, 6% NaOCL/17% EDTA in smear layer removal according to Kruskal-Wallis tests and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p < 0.05). Considering the findings of this investigation, both 17% EDTA and SmearOFF serve as chelating agents, demonstrating the capability to effectively remove the smear layer. This process is facilitated with the assistance of passive ultrasonic irrigation at intervals of every third of the root canal.

通过扫描电子显微镜检查超声波活化技术,揭示 SmearOFF 去除涂抹层的功效。
根管器械操作会在根管壁上产生一层涂抹层,这可能不利于根管治疗。根管冲洗剂 SmearOFF 可同时有效去除涂抹层和细菌。本研究的目的是评估并比较 SmearOFF 和 17% EDTA 在去除根管冠部、中部和根尖三分之一处的涂抹层方面的功效。我们选择了 64 个单管下颌前磨牙根。在 X2 之前,使用 ProtaperNext 旋转系统(瑞士 Dentsply 公司)和 COXO C-SMART Endomotor(中国佛山 COXO 医疗器械有限公司)、所有牙齿的塑形均采用 COXO C-SMART Endomotor(中国佛山 COXO 医疗器械有限公司),设备设置为每分钟 300 转(rpm),扭矩为 3 牛顿-厘米(Ncm)。在使用最终冲洗剂之前,先用 6% 次氯酸钠(NaOCl)进行初步冲洗,冲洗时使用的是 27 G 侧口针。使用超声小工具 EndoUltra 激活灌洗。然后,通过扫描电子显微镜确定所建议的溶液在制备好的牙齿上的效果。与使用 SmearOFF 的样本相比,使用 17% EDTA 的样本在所有三个区域(冠状、中间和根尖)的平均涂抹层得分都较低。尽管如此,根据 Kruskal-Wallis 检验和 Mann-Whitney U 检验(P < 0.05),G1、6% NaOCL/SmearOFF 和 G2、6% NaOCL/17% EDTA 在去除涂片层方面没有明显差异。根据这项研究的结果,17% EDTA 和 SmearOFF 都是螯合剂,能有效去除涂片层。每隔三分之一根管的距离进行一次被动超声波冲洗,可以促进这一过程。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
求助全文
约1分钟内获得全文 求助全文
来源期刊
International Journal of Biomaterials
International Journal of Biomaterials MATERIALS SCIENCE, BIOMATERIALS-
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
3.20%
发文量
50
审稿时长
21 weeks
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
copy
已复制链接
快去分享给好友吧!
我知道了
右上角分享
点击右上角分享
0
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信