Sustained decline in birth weight and increased rate of preterm infants born small for gestational age in Japan.

IF 2.1 3区医学 Q2 PEDIATRICS

Frontiers in Pediatrics Pub Date : 2024-09-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI:10.3389/fped.2024.1480527

Akinori Moriichi, Erika Kuwahara, Narumi Kato

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Background: Birth weights have continued to decline in Japan in recent years. However, secular trend changes such as the birth weight relative to the week of gestation remain to be explored. This study aimed to determine the trends over time in mean birth weight and small for gestational age (SGA) rate for each gestational week.

Methods: We used a large dataset of 27,015,792 births obtained from birth certificates between 1997 and 2021. Births from 22 to 41 weeks of gestation were evaluated in six groups (22-24, 25-27, 28-31, 32-33, 34-36, and 37-41 weeks of gestational age). For each group, secular trend changes in the z-scores calculated from standard birth weight values were assessed. Time trends in the proportion of SGA and mean birth weight z-scores were evaluated using the Cochran-Armitage trend test and linear regression analysis. Binomial logistic regression was performed to ascertain the effects of gestational age, sex, primiparity, number of births, and maternal age on the likelihood of SGA.

Results: The mean birth weight of preterm infants continued to decrease, and the z-score for mean birth weight decreased linearly, falling to -0.7 at 25-27 weeks of gestation from 1997-2001 (first period) to 2017-2021 (final period). Maternal age continued to increase from the first period to the last period for all weeks of gestation. There was a linear increase in the SGA rate in preterm infants born at <34 weeks. Odds ratios for the likelihood of SGA were 1.3 times higher for maternal age ≥40 years than that for 25-29 years (95% CI: 1.29-1.33, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: In Japan, there has been a continuous decline in birth weight and an increase in the rate of preterm SGA infants.

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日本出生体重持续下降，胎龄小的早产儿比例上升。

背景：近年来，日本的出生体重持续下降。然而，出生体重相对于孕周的长期趋势变化仍有待探索。本研究旨在确定每个孕周的平均出生体重和小于胎龄儿（SGA）率随时间变化的趋势：我们使用了 1997 年至 2021 年间从出生证明中获得的 27,015,792 例新生儿的大型数据集。我们将妊娠 22 至 41 周的新生儿分为六组（妊娠 22 至 24 周、25 至 27 周、28 至 31 周、32 至 33 周、34 至 36 周和 37 至 41 周）进行评估。对于每个组别，均评估了根据标准出生体重值计算出的 Z 值的长期趋势变化。使用 Cochran-Armitage 趋势检验和线性回归分析评估了 SGA 比例和平均出生体重 z 值的时间趋势。为了确定胎龄、性别、初产妇、分娩次数和产妇年龄对 SGA 发生可能性的影响，进行了二项式逻辑回归：早产儿的平均出生体重持续下降，平均出生体重的 Z 值呈线性下降，从 1997-2001 年（第一阶段）到 2017-2021 年（最后阶段），在孕 25-27 周时下降至-0.7。在所有妊娠周数中，孕产妇年龄从第一期到最后一期持续增加。在得出 p 结论时出生的早产儿中，SGA 比率呈线性增长：在日本，出生体重持续下降，早产儿 SGA 率上升。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Frontiers in Pediatrics Medicine-Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health

CiteScore

3.60

自引率

7.70%

发文量

2132

审稿时长

14 weeks

期刊介绍： Frontiers in Pediatrics (Impact Factor 2.33) publishes rigorously peer-reviewed research broadly across the field, from basic to clinical research that meets ongoing challenges in pediatric patient care and child health. Field Chief Editors Arjan Te Pas at Leiden University and Michael L. Moritz at the Children''s Hospital of Pittsburgh are supported by an outstanding Editorial Board of international experts. This multidisciplinary open-access journal is at the forefront of disseminating and communicating scientific knowledge and impactful discoveries to researchers, academics, clinicians and the public worldwide. Frontiers in Pediatrics also features Research Topics, Frontiers special theme-focused issues managed by Guest Associate Editors, addressing important areas in pediatrics. In this fashion, Frontiers serves as an outlet to publish the broadest aspects of pediatrics in both basic and clinical research, including high-quality reviews, case reports, editorials and commentaries related to all aspects of pediatrics.