Sex differences in perceived discrimination among patients with obesity.

Abstract

The negative impacts of perceived discrimination on health have been documented, but how perceptions of discrimination vary by sex among people with obesity (PWO) is not well understood. This study assessed sex differences in perceived discrimination among PWO. This cross-sectional study analysed self-reported data from racially/ethnically diverse PWO attending an academic obesity program. The primary outcome was perceived discrimination, assessed by the Major Experiences of Discrimination (MED) and Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS). Sex differences were evaluated by univariate and multivariable regression analysis adjusted for key descriptive variables. The final analytical sample included 60 PWO (62% female, 61% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 12% Hispanic, 39% non-Hispanic black (NHB), mean age 53 years, mean BMI 34 kg/m²). Women experienced everyday discrimination 59% less than men but this was not significant (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.08-2.16; p = .29). Participant highest BMI was correlated with acute discrimination (total MED score) (r = 0.39; p = .0024) and chronic discrimination (total EDS score) (r = 0.28; p = .03). Most participants reported more chronic discrimination compared to acute discrimination (85% vs. 48%). Mean MED (β -0.18; 95% CI -0.93 to +0.56; p = .62) and EDS scores (β -0.25; 95% CI -3.37 to +2.87; p = .87) were not significantly different between women and men. Perceived discrimination was common and experienced equally between men and women with obesity. Incorporating discrimination experiences into obesity care models may be an important step to improving quality of care and outcomes.