Evaluating changes in body composition, bone mass, and metabolic profile in an animal model undergoing transfeminine hormone therapy and physical exercise

IF 2.9 Q3 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Clinical nutrition ESPEN Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI:10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.10.150

Ísis Gois , Débora C.K. Lichtenecker , Nathália Beserra , Emily Rocha Cordeiro , Isadora Gonçalves Almeida , Isabela Borges da Silveira , João Guimarães Ferreira , Felipe Behrends Rodrigues , Charlles Heldan de Moura Castro , Guiomar Nascimento Gomes , Magnus R. Dias-da-Silva

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Abstract

Background & aims

Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is essential for transgender individuals seeking body modifications. For transfeminine people assigned male at birth, GAHT typically involves a combination of antiandrogens and estrogens. Despite its importance, the scientific literature presents inconsistencies regarding the effects of these hormones on nutritional status, body composition, and biochemical markers. This study aims to evaluate the impact of estradiol enanthate and dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide (E2EN/DHPA) hormonal treatment, in conjunction with resistive physical exercise, on body composition and metabolic profiles.

Methods

Twenty-eight male rats were divided into three groups: MO (control group, n = 8), receiving sesame oil vehicle; MH (n = 11), receiving E2EN/DHPA; and MEH (n = 9), receiving E2EN/DHPA along with physical exercise. The hormonal treatment was administered every ten days for two months, while the exercise regimen involved stair climbing with progressively increasing weights, performed five times weekly for seven weeks. Evaluated parameters included body mass index (BMI), body composition (fat and lean mass), bone mineral density (BMD), and lipid profile (triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C).

Results

The rats that received E2EN/DHPA showed significant changes in body composition and BMI, regardless of exercise. The MH group had increased body fat, while both the MH and MEH groups had decreased bone area and mineral content. However, BMD remained the same across all groups. Elevated triglyceride levels were observed, and the MEH group also had reduced LDL-C levels. HDL-C levels did not show significant variation.

Conclusion

The study's findings show similarities to changes seen in transfeminine individuals undergoing GAHT with estrogen and antiandrogens. These changes include decreased muscle mass, increased body fat, preserved bone mineral density, and elevated triglycerides. The study also found that resistance exercise positively impacted lipid profiles, particularly in reducing LDL-C. These results highlight the need for further research and comparative trials on hormone therapy regimens.

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评估接受转女性荷尔蒙疗法和体育锻炼的动物模型在身体成分、骨量和新陈代谢方面的变化。

背景与目的：性别确认激素疗法（GAHT）对于寻求身体改造的变性人来说至关重要。对于出生时就被指定为男性的变性人，性别确认激素疗法通常包括抗雄激素和雌激素的组合。尽管 GAHT 非常重要，但科学文献中关于这些激素对营养状况、身体组成和生化指标的影响却并不一致。本研究旨在评估雌二醇庚酸酯和二羟孕酮乙酰苯胺（E2EN/DHPA）激素治疗与抵抗性体育锻炼相结合对身体组成和代谢特征的影响：将 28 只雄性大鼠分为三组：方法：将 28 只雄性大鼠分为三组：MO 组（对照组，n=8），接受芝麻油载体治疗；MH 组（n=11），接受 E2EN/DHPA 治疗；MEH 组（n=9），在接受 E2EN/DHPA 治疗的同时进行体育锻炼。激素治疗每十天进行一次，为期两个月；运动疗法包括爬楼梯，重量逐渐增加，每周进行五次，为期七周。评估参数包括体重指数（BMI）、身体成分（脂肪和瘦肉）、骨矿物质密度（BMD）和血脂概况（甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇）：接受 E2EN/DHPA 的大鼠的身体成分和体重指数发生了显著变化，与运动无关。MH 组的体脂增加，而 MH 组和 MEH 组的骨面积和矿物质含量均减少。不过，各组的 BMD 均保持不变。观察到甘油三酯水平升高，MEH 组的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平也有所降低。结论：结论：研究结果表明，使用雌激素和抗雄激素进行 GAHT 治疗的输血女性发生了类似的变化。这些变化包括肌肉质量下降、体脂增加、骨质密度降低和甘油三酯升高。研究还发现，阻力运动对血脂状况有积极影响，尤其是在降低低密度脂蛋白胆固醇方面。这些结果凸显了对激素治疗方案进行进一步研究和比较试验的必要性。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Clinical nutrition ESPEN NUTRITION & DIETETICS-

CiteScore

4.90

自引率

3.30%

发文量

512

期刊介绍： Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is an electronic-only journal and is an official publication of the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN). Nutrition and nutritional care have gained wide clinical and scientific interest during the past decades. The increasing knowledge of metabolic disturbances and nutritional assessment in chronic and acute diseases has stimulated rapid advances in design, development and clinical application of nutritional support. The aims of ESPEN are to encourage the rapid diffusion of knowledge and its application in the field of clinical nutrition and metabolism. Published bimonthly, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN focuses on publishing articles on the relationship between nutrition and disease in the setting of basic science and clinical practice. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN is available to all members of ESPEN and to all subscribers of Clinical Nutrition.