A Systematic Review on Fluoride Contamination in Water Resources of Iran from 2016 to 2023: Spatial Distribution and Probabilistic Risk Assessment (Monte Carlo Simulation).

IF 3.6 3区生物学 Q2 BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Biological Trace Element Research Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-21 DOI:10.1007/s12011-024-04422-y

Danial Nayeri, Hadis Elyasi, Ali Jafari, Mohammad Rezvani Ghalhari

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Because of significant variations and existence of high fluoride (F^-) in some waters, Iran has been considered for various fluoride studies in recent decades. Nevertheless, there is a no updated review on fluoride levels especially including F^- risk assessment. Thus, this systematic review is mainly aimed to evaluate the spatial distribution of F^- content in water sources of Iran using geographic information system (GIS) and conduct the health risk assessment. Besides, the Monte-Carlo Simulation technique with 10,000 iterations was applied for determination of the non-carcinogenic effects of F^- in different exposed groups (infant, children, teenagers, and adults). The results indicated that the maximum and minimum concentrations of F^- content were related to Jazmourian (Roudbar plain) (4.8 mg/L) and Sahneh (0.1 mg/L) provinces, respectively, and F^- content of more than ≅ 19% of the samples exceeds the Iranian standard value (1.5 mg/L). The results showed that the HQ of F^- in all groups were higher than 1 with the order of children > infants > teenager > adults in which children were the vulnerable group to F^- consumption in study area. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor and continuously measure water supplies for fluoride content and control measures, including removal steps, be taken for human risk reduction.

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关于 2016 年至 2023 年伊朗水资源氟污染的系统性综述：空间分布与概率风险评估（蒙特卡罗模拟）》。

近几十年来，由于一些水域的氟含量变化很大且存在高氟（F-），伊朗一直被视为各种氟研究的对象。然而，目前还没有关于氟含量的最新综述，特别是包括氟风险评估在内的综述。因此，本系统综述的主要目的是利用地理信息系统（GIS）评估伊朗水源中氟含量的空间分布，并进行健康风险评估。此外，还采用蒙特卡洛模拟技术进行了 10,000 次迭代，以确定 F- 对不同暴露群体（婴儿、儿童、青少年和成人）的非致癌影响。结果表明，F-含量最高和最低的省份分别是 Jazmourian（Roudbar 平原）（4.8 毫克/升）和 Sahneh（0.1 毫克/升），超过 ≅ 19% 的样本 F-含量超过伊朗标准值（1.5 毫克/升）。研究结果表明，所有群体的 F- HQ 都高于 1，其顺序为儿童 > 婴儿 > 青少年 > 成人，其中儿童是研究地区易受 F- 消费影响的群体。因此，有必要对供水中的氟含量进行监测和持续测量，并采取控制措施，包括去除氟的步骤，以降低人类面临的风险。

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来源期刊

Biological Trace Element Research 生物-内分泌学与代谢

CiteScore

8.70

自引率

10.30%

发文量

459

审稿时长

2 months

期刊介绍： Biological Trace Element Research provides a much-needed central forum for the emergent, interdisciplinary field of research on the biological, environmental, and biomedical roles of trace elements. Rather than confine itself to biochemistry, the journal emphasizes the integrative aspects of trace metal research in all appropriate fields, publishing human and animal nutritional studies devoted to the fundamental chemistry and biochemistry at issue as well as to the elucidation of the relevant aspects of preventive medicine, epidemiology, clinical chemistry, agriculture, endocrinology, animal science, pharmacology, microbiology, toxicology, virology, marine biology, sensory physiology, developmental biology, and related fields.