{"title":"Evaluating the reliability of solid phase extraction techniques for hydrocarbon analysis by GC–MS","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465435","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Saturate and aromatic compounds are essential in the petroleum industry for assessing the thermal maturity of source rocks and oils, which is critical for basin modeling and sweet-spot mapping. These compounds also play a role in environmental applications, such as oil spill fingerprinting and biogeochemistry. However, the analysis of these compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) requires meticulous and time-consuming separation processes. Traditional methods like normal-phase liquid column chromatography (LCC) involve large volumes of harmful solvents. This study evaluates the effectiveness of five different sorbents using solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques—neutral Si, SiOH, Ag-ion, neutral Al, and Ag-ion mixed with activated silica—compared to LCC. The goal was to discern differences in peak resolution, concentration, and isomer ratios of saturate and aromatic compounds for thermal maturity and source rock assessments. The results show that SiOH, neutral Si, and neutral Al do not fully separate aromatic compounds from the saturate fraction, sometimes leaving 40–100% of aromatics within the saturate fraction. Ag-ion mixed with activated silica provided the best separation, resulting in up to 23 times higher aromatic concentration than SiOH. This method is more reliable for quantifying both saturate and aromatic compounds, increases the efficiency of hydrocarbon evaluations, and reduces solvent consumption by 63%, offering a more sustainable approach to hydrocarbon analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":347,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chromatography A","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Chromatography A","FirstCategoryId":"1","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967324008094","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMICAL RESEARCH METHODS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Saturate and aromatic compounds are essential in the petroleum industry for assessing the thermal maturity of source rocks and oils, which is critical for basin modeling and sweet-spot mapping. These compounds also play a role in environmental applications, such as oil spill fingerprinting and biogeochemistry. However, the analysis of these compounds by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) requires meticulous and time-consuming separation processes. Traditional methods like normal-phase liquid column chromatography (LCC) involve large volumes of harmful solvents. This study evaluates the effectiveness of five different sorbents using solid-phase extraction (SPE) techniques—neutral Si, SiOH, Ag-ion, neutral Al, and Ag-ion mixed with activated silica—compared to LCC. The goal was to discern differences in peak resolution, concentration, and isomer ratios of saturate and aromatic compounds for thermal maturity and source rock assessments. The results show that SiOH, neutral Si, and neutral Al do not fully separate aromatic compounds from the saturate fraction, sometimes leaving 40–100% of aromatics within the saturate fraction. Ag-ion mixed with activated silica provided the best separation, resulting in up to 23 times higher aromatic concentration than SiOH. This method is more reliable for quantifying both saturate and aromatic compounds, increases the efficiency of hydrocarbon evaluations, and reduces solvent consumption by 63%, offering a more sustainable approach to hydrocarbon analysis.
期刊介绍:
The Journal of Chromatography A provides a forum for the publication of original research and critical reviews on all aspects of fundamental and applied separation science. The scope of the journal includes chromatography and related techniques, electromigration techniques (e.g. electrophoresis, electrochromatography), hyphenated and other multi-dimensional techniques, sample preparation, and detection methods such as mass spectrometry. Contributions consist mainly of research papers dealing with the theory of separation methods, instrumental developments and analytical and preparative applications of general interest.