{"title":"Spatiotemporal Trends of Poverty in the United States, 2006–2021","authors":"Xinba Li, Chuanrong Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s12061-024-09604-8","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent challenges and opportunities necessitate a reexamination of the spatial dynamics of US poverty. In our study, we employed the emerging hot spot analysis to discern spatial and temporal variations in US poverty from 2006 to 2021, across various spatial scales. The primary innovation of this analysis is its capacity to monitor shifts in spatial patterns of poverty over time, providing a dynamic perspective essential for comprehending and addressing non-static processes. We discovered that the majority of US counties exhibit consistent poverty trends, characterized by either persistent or intensifying hot spots (clusters of high poverty) or cold spots (clusters of low poverty), with only a minority experiencing recent changes in poverty trajectories. The choice of spatial scale significantly influences these trends. Our intersectional analysis of poverty with age and race demonstrated that the categories of children and adults have a markedly higher number of counties with persistent and intensifying hot spots compared to the elderly category. Nonetheless, the elderly category has a greater number of new emerging hot spots. Furthermore, our exploration of the interaction between race and poverty dynamics showed that the spatial patterns of emerging poverty hot spots vary among racial groups and do not align with their population distributions. These findings underscore the need for a nuanced and adaptive approach to policy development and implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":46392,"journal":{"name":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12061-024-09604-8.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy","FirstCategoryId":"90","ListUrlMain":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12061-024-09604-8","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
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Abstract
Recent challenges and opportunities necessitate a reexamination of the spatial dynamics of US poverty. In our study, we employed the emerging hot spot analysis to discern spatial and temporal variations in US poverty from 2006 to 2021, across various spatial scales. The primary innovation of this analysis is its capacity to monitor shifts in spatial patterns of poverty over time, providing a dynamic perspective essential for comprehending and addressing non-static processes. We discovered that the majority of US counties exhibit consistent poverty trends, characterized by either persistent or intensifying hot spots (clusters of high poverty) or cold spots (clusters of low poverty), with only a minority experiencing recent changes in poverty trajectories. The choice of spatial scale significantly influences these trends. Our intersectional analysis of poverty with age and race demonstrated that the categories of children and adults have a markedly higher number of counties with persistent and intensifying hot spots compared to the elderly category. Nonetheless, the elderly category has a greater number of new emerging hot spots. Furthermore, our exploration of the interaction between race and poverty dynamics showed that the spatial patterns of emerging poverty hot spots vary among racial groups and do not align with their population distributions. These findings underscore the need for a nuanced and adaptive approach to policy development and implementation.
期刊介绍：
Description
The journal has an applied focus: it actively promotes the importance of geographical research in real world settings
It is policy-relevant: it seeks both a readership and contributions from practitioners as well as academics
The substantive foundation is spatial analysis: the use of quantitative techniques to identify patterns and processes within geographic environments
The combination of these points, which are fully reflected in the naming of the journal, establishes a unique position in the marketplace.
RationaleA geographical perspective has always been crucial to the understanding of the social and physical organisation of the world around us. The techniques of spatial analysis provide a powerful means for the assembly and interpretation of evidence, and thus to address critical questions about issues such as crime and deprivation, immigration and demographic restructuring, retailing activity and employment change, resource management and environmental improvement. Many of these issues are equally important to academic research as they are to policy makers and Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy aims to close the gap between these two perspectives by providing a forum for discussion of applied research in a range of different contexts
Topical and interdisciplinaryIncreasingly government organisations, administrative agencies and private businesses are requiring research to support their ‘evidence-based’ strategies or policies. Geographical location is critical in much of this work which extends across a wide range of disciplines including demography, actuarial sciences, statistics, public sector planning, business planning, economics, epidemiology, sociology, social policy, health research, environmental management.
FocusApplied Spatial Analysis and Policy will draw on applied research from diverse problem domains, such as transport, policing, education, health, environment and leisure, in different international contexts. The journal will therefore provide insights into the variations in phenomena that exist across space, it will provide evidence for comparative policy analysis between domains and between locations, and stimulate ideas about the translation of spatial analysis methods and techniques across varied policy contexts. It is essential to know how to measure, monitor and understand spatial distributions, many of which have implications for those with responsibility to plan and enhance the society and the environment in which we all exist.
Readership and Editorial BoardAs a journal focused on applications of methods of spatial analysis, Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy will be of interest to scholars and students in a wide range of academic fields, to practitioners in government and administrative agencies and to consultants in private sector organisations. The Editorial Board reflects the international and multidisciplinary nature of the journal.
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